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. 2021 Mar 2;15:641970. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.641970

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Copyright © 2021 Namestnikova, Gubskiy, Revkova, Sukhinich, Melnikov, Gabashvili, Cherkashova, Vishnevskiy, Kurilo, Burunova, Semkina, Abakumov, Gubsky, Chekhonin, Ahlfors, Baklaushev and Yarygin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Therapeutic effects of cell transplantation and estimation of hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral infarction. (A) Kaplan—Meier survival curves for rats of the control group (green line), drNPC transplantation group (blue line), and pMSC transplantation group (red line) over 14 days observation period. Statistical analysis was performed by log-rank test and revealed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in animal survival rate in the pMSC group in comparison with the other two groups. (B) Neurological deficit was estimated using mNSS before and at 7 and 14 days after IA administration of saline (green line), drNPC (blue line) or pMSC (red line). The dynamics of changes of mNSS score in animals after transplantation of drNPC or pMSC significantly differ from that in the control group: the animals in groups with transplantation of either cell type had significantly lower mNSS scores compared to the control group at 7 and 14 day. (C) Stroke volume was evaluated using MRI performed just before and on days 7 and 14 days after IA administration of cells or saline. The dynamics of changes in stroke volume in the drNPC group significantly differed compared to the pMSC and control groups. Administration of drNPC caused a significant decrease of stroke volume by the end of the second week after transplantation. Data at graphs B-C are normalized to day 1 and expressed as mean ± SD, *asterisk indicates significant differences of p < 0.05. (D–F) Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of brain infarction after IA injection of drNPC, pMSC or saline. Data are given according to the Heidelberg scale. 0: no hemorrhage, 1a: single petechial bleedings, 1b: confluent petechial bleedings, 1c: hematoma within infarcted tissue, occupying <30% with no substantive mass effect. Frequency of hemorrhagic transformation of brain infarction in rats from all experimental groups was estimated and no significant differences were observed before (D), on 7 (E) and 14 (F) days after IA injection.