Table 3.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dairy intake during high school (comparing ≥3.15 servings/day with <3.15 servings/day) and colorectal adenoma risk by age at diagnosis, family history of colorectal cancer, reason for endoscopy and behavioral factors, NHS2, 1998–2011.
| All adenoma | Rectal adenoma | Advanced adenoma | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N Cases | OR (95% CI)*† | N cases | OR (95% CI)*† | N cases | OR (95% CI) *† | |
| Age at adenoma diagnosis | ||||||
| <50 years | 267 | 1 (Reference) | 51 | 1 (Reference) | 80 | 1 (Reference) |
| 163 | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | 25 | 0.73 (0.42, 1.28) | 35 | 0.69 (0.42, 1.12) | |
| ≥50 years | 1079 | 1 (Reference) | 191 | 1 (Reference) | 253 | 1 (Reference) |
| 730 | 0.99 (0.89, 1.11) | 100 | 0.75 (0.56, 1.00) | 148 | 0.86 (0.68, 1.10) | |
| Family history of CRC | ||||||
| Positive family history | 299 | 1 (Reference) | 52 | 1 (Reference) | 69 | 1 (Reference) |
| 189 | 0.91 (0.73, 1.13) | 28 | 0.79 (0.46, 1.38) | 37 | 0.64 (0.40, 1.01) | |
| No family history | 1047 | 1 (Reference) | 190 | 1 (Reference) | 264 | 1 (Reference) |
| 704 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) | 97 | 0.71 (0.53, 0.94) | 146 | 0.86 (0.67, 1.09) | |
| p-interaction | 0.78 | 0.61 | 0.47 | |||
| Reason for endoscopy | ||||||
| Screening | 934 | 1 (Reference) | 166 | 1 (Reference) | 213 | 1 (Reference) |
| 631 | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 77 | 0.68 (0.50,0.94) | 115 | 0.75 (0.58,0.98) | |
| Symptoms | 334 | 1 (Reference) | 63 | 1 (Reference) | 96 | 1 (Reference) |
| 207 | 0.91 (0.74, 1.12) | 34 | 0.70 (0.43, 1.15) | 61 | 1.03 (0.70, 1.53) | |
| p-interaction | 0.32 | 0.92 | 0.82 | |||
| Smoking before age 20 | ||||||
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||||
| BMI at age 18 <18.5 | 191 | 1 (Reference) | 38 | 1 (Reference) | 55 | 1 (Reference) |
| 133 | 0.98 (0.75, 1.28) | 19 | 0.60 (0.30, 1.17) | 28 | 0.90 (0.51, 1.58) | |
| BMI at age 18 from 18.5 to <21 | 568 | 1 (Reference) | 114 | 1 (Reference) | 134 | 1 (Reference) |
| 378 | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 58 | 0.81 (0.56, 1.18) | 76 | 0.71 (0.52, 0.97) | |
| BMI at age 18 from 21 to <23 | 300 | 1 (Reference) | 44 | 1 (Reference) | 71 | 1 (Reference) |
| 197 | 1.00 (0.81, 1.24) | 27 | 0.71 (0.41, 1.25) | 48 | 1.16 (0.73, 1.84) | |
| BMI at age 18 ≥23 | 287 | 1 (Reference) | 46 | 1 (Reference) | 73 | 1 (Reference) |
| 185 | 1.02 (0.82, 1.27) | 21 | 0.67 (0.37, 1.20) | 31 | 0.66 (0.40, 1.09) | |
| p-interaction | 0.83 | 0.49 | 0.12 | |||
| Physical activity 9th–12th grades | ||||||
| <median 42.5 MET-hours/week | 706 | 1 (Reference) | 132 | 1 (Reference) | 173 | 1 (Reference) |
| 416 | 0.94 (0.82, 1.09) | 49 | 0.53 (0.37, 0.78) | 91 | 0.84 (0.62, 1.12) | |
| ≥median 42.5 MET-hours/week | 602 | 1 (Reference) | 105 | 1 (Reference) | 148 | 1 (Reference) |
| 456 | 1.00 (0.86, 1.15) | 73 | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) | 88 | 0.77 (0.56, 1.05) | |
| p-interaction | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.88 | |||
| Did not smoke before age 20 | 996 | 1 (Reference) | 177 | 1 (Reference) | 237 | 1 (Reference) |
| 675 | 0.96 (0.85, 1.07) | 92 | 0.71 (0.53, 0.95) | 139 | 0.85 (0.67, 1.09) | |
| Smoked before age 20 | 350 | 1 (Reference) | 65 | 1 (Reference) | 96 | 1 (Reference) |
| 218 | 1.01 (0.82, 1.24) | 33 | 0.79 (0.47, 1.32) | 44 | 0.69 (0.44, 1.07) | |
| p-interaction | 0.87 | 0.66 | 0.79 | |||
*Comparing ≥3.15 servings/day with <3.15 servings/day.
†Adjusted for age, time period of endoscopy, number of reported endoscopies, time in years since most recent endoscopy, reason for current endoscopy, BMI at age 18 years (kg/m2, continuous), current physical activity (MET-hours/week, continuous), physical activity during 9th–12th grades (MET-hours/week, continuous), nondrinker, alcohol intake (g/d, continuous), pack-years of smoking (continuous), regular aspirin use (yes/no), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal no hormone use, postmenopausal current hormone use), total calories during high school (kcal/day, continuous), unprocessed red meat and processed meat during high school (g/day, continuous), adult calorie (kcal, continuous) and total dairy intake (g/day, continuous), family history denotes family history in first degree relatives.