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. 2021 Mar 15;11:5877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85230-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differentiation of iPSCs into either STB-like cells (performed under 21% oxygen) (A) or into EVT-like cells (performed under 2% oxygen) (B). STB formation and function (A) was assessed by calculation of fusion index, hCG secretion (normalized to DNA content), and PSG4 expression level (by qPCR, normalized to L19, and shown as fold change compared to control-iPSC in the same differentiation state). EVT formation and function (B) was assessed by expression of surface HLA-G as measured by flow cytometry, invasive capacity as assessed by Matrigel invasion assay, and MMP2 secretion (normalized to DNA content). *Indicates statistical significance by Mann–Whitney U, with p values as stated (n = 9 for each condition).