Table 1.
Characteristics and univariate analysis of factors influencing mortality according to regular exercise at baseline.
| REG (n = 3921) | p value | Non-REG (n = 6290) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dead | Alive | Dead | Alive | |||
| Denture use | ||||||
| Yes | 220 (26.9) | 598 (73.1) | < 0.001 | 593 (35.8) | 1062 (64.2) | < 0.001 |
| No | 331 (10.7) | 2772 (89.3) | 797 (17.2) | 3838 (82.8) | ||
| Chewing abilities wearing denture | ||||||
| Good | 59 (21.7) | 213 (78.3) | 0.004 | 133 (31.4) | 290 (68.6) | 0.012 |
| Usually | 82 (25.8) | 236 (74.2) | 200 (34.4) | 381 (65.6) | ||
| Bad | 79 (34.7) | 149 (65.4) | 260 (39.9) | 391 (60.1) | ||
| Chewing abilities without denture | ||||||
| Good | 183(8.6) | 1954 (91.4) | < 0.001 | 267 (10.8) | 2212 (89.2) | < 0.001 |
| Usually | 129 (15.9) | 681 (84.1) | 366 (22.3) | 1277 (77.7) | ||
| Bad | 239 (24.5) | 735 (75.5) | 757 (34.9) | 1411 (65.1) | ||
| Age | ||||||
| ≤ 54 | 70 (4.8) | 1381 (95.2) | < 0.001 | 96 (5.2) | 1738 (94.8) | < 0.001 |
| 55–64 | 113 (9.7) | 1051 (90.3) | 178 (11.0) | 1446 (89.0) | ||
| 65–74 | 222 (22.9) | 748 (77.1) | 462 (27.2) | 1238 (72.8) | ||
| > 75 | 146 (43.5) | 190 (56.6) | 654 (57.8) | 478 (42.2) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| ≤ Elementary school | 277 (22.4) | 962 (77.6) | < 0.001 | 1059 (29.8) | 2498 (70.2) | < 0.001 |
| Middle school | 80 (11.4) | 620 (88.6) | 131 (13.7) | 824 (86.3) | ||
| High school | 125 (9.5) | 1188 (90.5) | 151 (10.9) | 1239 (89.1) | ||
| College and above | 69 (10.3) | 600 (89.7) | 49 (12.6) | 339 (87.4) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 346 (18.2) | 1555 (81.8) | < 0.001 | 651 (25.6) | 1893 (74.4) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 205 (10.2) | 1815 (89.9) | 739 (19.7) | 3007 (80.3) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 410 (12.4) | 2894 (87.6) | < 0.001 | 816 (17.6) | 3828 (82.4) | < 0.001 |
| Separated, divorced | 139 (23.2) | 461 (76.8) | 563 (35.8) | 1008 (64.2) | ||
| Unmarried | 2 (11.8) | 15 (88.2) | 11 (14.7) | 64 (85.3) | ||
| Working restriction | ||||||
| Yes | 259 (24.6) | 796 (75.5) | < 0.001 | 836 (34.3) | 1605 (65.8) | < 0.001 |
| No | 292 (10.2) | 2574 (89.8) | 554 (14.4) | 3295 (85.6) | ||
| Health insurance | ||||||
| National health insurance | 506 (13.5) | 3235 (86.5) | < 0.001 | 1237 (21.2) | 4594 (78.8) | < 0.001 |
| Medical aid | 45 (25.0) | 135 (75.0) | 153 (33.3) | 306 (66.7) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Yes | 210 (12.8) | 1429 (87.2) | 0.058 | 406 (18.8) | 1757 (81.2) | < 0.001 |
| No | 341 (14.9) | 1941 (85.1) | 984 (23.8) | 3143 (76.2) | ||
| Number of chronic diseases* | ||||||
| 0 | 181 (8.8) | 1876 (91.2) | < 0.001 | 513 (16.0) | 2698 (84.0) | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 193 (17.3) | 924 (82.7) | 446 (23.2) | 1396 (75.8) | ||
| ≥ 2 | 177 (23.7) | 570 (76.3) | 431 (34.8) | 806 (65.2) | ||
| Self-rated health | ||||||
| Very good | 15 (7.1) | 197 (92.9) | < 0.001 | 14 (9.7) | 130 (90.3) | < 0.001 |
| Good | 129 (8.1) | 1455 (91.9) | 221 (11.6) | 1687 (88.4) | ||
| Moderate | 169 (14.0) | 1040 (86.0) | 363 (18.3) | 1624 (81.7) | ||
| Bad | 186 (23.9) | 593 (76.1) | 529 (31.3) | 1164 (68.8) | ||
| Very bad | 52 (38.0) | 85 (62.0) | 263 (47.1) | 295 (52.9) | ||
REG Regular exercise group, p values were calculated by chi-squared tests.
*Hypertension, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, arthritis; The data are presented as n (%).