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. 2021 Mar 15;11:6055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84888-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transient waves of pro- and anti-inflammatory monocytes and macrophages alternate dynamically during bone injury repair. Flow cytometry performed on tibia bone marrow harvested from C57BL/6 mice at various time points after injury (n = 30; 5/time point) reveals diverse myeloid dynamics and polarization. Time points corresponds to time points from histological data. Total monocyte (CD11b + LY-6C^HI LY-6G-; (a) and macrophage (CD11b + LY-6C^LO LY-6G-; (b) and their respective pro- and anti-inflammatory subsets (c) each uniquely fluctuates following bone injury (Student t-test compares all time points to its Day 0 for each subset; *p < 0.05 **p < 0.005 ***p < 0.0005 ****p < 0.00005 ^nsp > 0.05). (d) Temporal dynamics of pro and anti-inflammatory monocytes and macrophage numbers are normalized as fold change relative to levels at homeostasis. Dashed lines show timings of pro- and anti-inflammatory polarization are mutually exclusive.