Table 3.
Correlative study of different active substances on the inflammatory response and bone resorption induced by Ti particles
| Author (Year) | Active substance | Titanium particles size | Inhibit the effects of Ti particles | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zichuan Ping et al. (2017) | Melatonin | 3.32 ± 2.39 µm | Inhibition of bone resorption and expression of inflammatory cytokines | Suppression of NF-κB signaling |
| Ziguan Zhu et al. (2018) | Aucubin | 3-4 µm | Inhibit the apoptosis of Mc3t3-e1 cells and promote osteogenesis | Affecting the BMP2/Smads/RunX2 signaling pathway |
| Chenhao Pan et al. (2019) | 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PDD) | 1-3 µm | Inhibition of osteoclast formation and release of inflammatory cytokines | Inhibition of MAPK and NF- B signaling pathways |
| Ruize Qu et al. (2019) | Ghrelin | 3.32 ± 2.39 mm | Inhibit the inflammatory response; Reduce osteoblasts formation injury and bone resorption | Activation of β-Catenin Signaling Pathway |
| Chao Yang et al. (2019) | Curcumin | Inhibition of osteoclast maturation and formation stimulated by RANKL has an immunomodulatory effect on macrophage polarization | Activates the Akt/NF B/ NFATc1 pathway | |
| Chao Yang et al. (2019) | Puerarin | Inhibition of bone resorption and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; Inhibition of osteoclast activation. | Reduced RANKL-stimulated MEK/ERK/NFATc1 signaling cascades | |
| Chao Yang et al. (2019) | Lithium chloride | Increases the release of anti-inflammatory and osteocellular factors. | Induction of macrophage polarization, M2 phenotype | |
| Chao Yang et al. (2020) | Naringin | 1-3μm | Inhibits the release of inflammatory factors TNF- and IL-6 | Inhibit P38 MAPK pathway |
| Xiang Wei et al. (2020) | DAPT(N-[N-(3,5-difluorohenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine tert-butyl ester, GSI-IX) | Inhibition of osteoclast formation and function; Almost no osteoclasts were formed under high concentration DAPT. | Suppressing the RANKL/Notch2 signaling pathway DAPT | |
| Zhenyu Sun et al. (2020) | Magnoflorine | Inflammatory bone resorption was inhibited in vivo and osteoclast formation was inhibited in vitro | Suppression of MAPK and NF-kB Signaling | |
| Zhiwei Zhang et al. (2020) | Bortezomib (BTZ), Nanosized and Alumina (Al) particles |
<5µm | Reduces apoptosis, inflammation and bone resorption | Reduced NF- B activation of -TRCP and decreased expression of Caspase-3 |