Table 3.
Overview of arm function and quality of life test results using intention to treat analysis (N = 12)
| Outcome measures | Mean ± SD | Post hoc analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | p-value | |
| WMFT FAS | 48.00 ± 10.41 | 49.58 ± 11.95 | 52.96 ± 12.24 | 53.38 ± 14.08 |
T0–T2 = 0.003 T1–T3 = 0.006 |
| WMFT time | 23.65 ± 23.91 | 24.27 ± 24.97 | 21.86 ± 19.74 | 24.24 ± 24.89 | |
| FMA-UE total | 36.33 ± 7.83 | 37.58 ± 9.38 | 43.17 ± 11.20 | 44.75 ± 11.33 |
T0–T2 = 0.004 T0–T3 = < 0.001 T1–T2 = 0.003 T1–T3 = < 0.001 |
| FMA-UE Shoulder | 21.5 ± 3.92 | 21.92 ± 4.27 | 24.92 ± 5.74 | 25.92 ± 5.47 |
T0–T3 = 0.002 T1–T2 = 0.005 T1–T3 = < 0.001 |
| FMA-UE Wrist | 5.67 ± 2.93 | 5.0 ± 2.30 | 5.46 ± 2.57 | 6.04 ± 2.72 | T1–T3 = 0.004 |
| FMA-UE Hand | 6.17 ± 3.27 | 7.17 ± 3.88 | 8.38 ± 4.27 | 8.21 ± 4.35 | T0–T2 = 0.003 |
| FMA-UE Coordination/speed | 3.0 ± 1.41 | 3.5 ± 1.24 | 4.42 ± 1.16 | 4.58 ± 1.16 |
T0–T2 = 0.003 T0–T3 = 0.003 T1–T3 = 0.005 |
| ARAT | 27.33 ± 13.47 | 27.83 ± 15.03 | 32.25 ± 17.09 | 31.50 ± 17.68 | T1–T2 = 0.007 |
| EQ-5D health state | 0.70 ± 0.13 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | 0.76 ± 0.08 | 0.74 ± 0.10 | |
| EQ-5D VAS | 73.75 ± 18.23 | 70.08 ± 17.27 | 79.75 ± 16.23 | 73.92 ± 15.97 | |
Repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc analysis. Only significant differences are shown, significant difference = p < 0.008
ARAT Action Research Arm Test, EQ-5D EurQoL–5 Dimensions, FAS Functional Ability Scale, FMA-UE Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity, SD standard deviation, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, WMFT Wolf Motor Function Test