Table 2. Shapes of gold nanoparticles and their applications .

Shape	Size	Applications
Nano rod	2-5 nm	Photothermal Tumor Therapy, gas sensors139,143
Nano sphere	10-200 nm	(i) The development of an ultrasensitive nanoscale optical biosensor based on LSPR wavelength-shift spectroscopy and (ii) The SERS detection of an anthrax biomarker 144 Nanospheres used as targeted drug delivery on tumor and brain144,145
Nano star	46-76 nm	Inkjet printing technology,146 SERS sensor for Hg2+ detection147
Nano clusters	∼1.4 nm	Potential for cancer therapy,148 biological labelling applications149
Nano cube	50 nm	Biomedical Applications150
Branched particle	90 nm	Nanostars have been predicted and demonstrated to shine brighter than any other shapes, thus opening new avenues for highly sensitive detection or biolabelling, among other applications.151
Nanocage	36 nm nanocage	Photothermal cancer treatment, applications in nanobioelectronics,152 Biomedical Applications.150
Nanobelt	Thickness: 80 nm With: 20 nm Lenth: 0.15 nm	One-dimensional nano-scale sensors, transducers, and resonators.153
Nanoshell	≥100 nm	Fluorescent diagnostic labels, catalysis, avoiding photo degradation, enhancing photoluminescence, creating photonic crystals, preparation of bio conjugates, chemical and colloidal stability.154