Table 2. The effect of different concentrations of oil, emulsifier and co-emulsifier on the particle size, zeta potential, transmittance, description, and thermodynamic stability test of PESE (n=3) .
| Formulation | Globule size (nm) | Zeta potential (mV) | Transmittance (%) | Description | Centrifugation | Heating cooling cycle | Freeze thaw cycle |
| F1 | 17.3±0.3 | -38.2±0.6 | 99.16±0.02 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F2 | 14.3±0.2 | -41.7±0.2 | 98.61±0.01 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Unstable |
| F3 | 11.7±0.2 | -42.2±0.9 | 99.47±0.02 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F4 | 20.9±0.1 | -41.3±1.5 | 99.42±0.04 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F5 | 13.8±0.3 | -35.7±3.5 | 99.20±0.01 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F6 | 16.3±0.3 | -44.8±1.4 | 96.32±0.03 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F7 | 15.5±0.4 | -40.2±0.3 | 93.49±0.11 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F8 | 30.5±0.5 | -35.4±0.9 | 94.57±0.90 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F9 | 20.8±0.5 | -38.0±1.6 | 95.78±0.01 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F10 | 27.3±0.1 | -40.5±1.3 | 91.30±0.01 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F11 | 44.7±0.8 | -41.5±0.4 | 83.14±0.01 | Clear | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| F12 | NA | NA | 51.95±0.01 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
| F13 | NA | NA | 36.69±0.01 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
| F14 | NA | NA | 42.16±0.11 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
| F15 | NA | NA | 0.38±0.01 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
| F16 | NA | NA | 58.91±0.16 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
| F17 | NA | NA | 0.28±0.00 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
| F18 | NA | NA | 0.52±0.00 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
| F19 | NA | NA | 2.44±0.02 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
| F20 | NA | NA | 15.15±0.02 | Cloudy | NA | NA | NA |
NA : Not Available. It mean particle size was not detected.
The variations of the averages are shown as SD.