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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 16.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Nov 11;74(25):3176–3178. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.020

Figure 1. Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life at Baseline and Through 18 Months in Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction by Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Status.

Figure 1.

The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) interrogates heart failure symptoms, physical and social limitations, and quality of life, which is summarized as the KCCQ overall summary score (KCCQ-OS). KCCQ scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) health status with a difference of 5-points considered clinically meaningful. EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) is summarized as a single index (0 [dead] to 1 [best health]) across 5 domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Patients with comorbid DM have worse health-related quality of life, determined by these 2 validated questionnaires, at baseline and through 18 months follow-up.