Table 5.
Analytical methods for the determination of the main components of Mitragyna speciosa.
| Compounds | Sample (Amount) | Sample Preparation | Analytical Technique | Limits of Detection | Limits of Quantitation | Recovery (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, Speciociliatine, Speciogynine and Paynantheine |
Urine (1 mL) | SPE (PolyChrom ClinII 3 cm3 (35 mg)) | LC-Q/TOF-MS | 0.25–1 μg/L | 0.5–1 μg/L | - | [122] |
| Mitragynine, 7-hydroxy-mitragynine, 5-desmethyl-mitragynine, 17-desmethyldihydromitragynine and mitraphylline | Urine (0.2 mL) | Hydrolysis (β-Glucuronidase) and LLE (methyl tert-butyl ether) | LC-MS/MS (ESI) | - | 1 μg/L | - | [123] |
| Mitragynine, 16-carboxy mitragynine and 9-O-demethyl mitragynine | Urine (1 mL) | Hydrolysis (β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase) and SPE (Bond Elut Certify (200 mg, 3 mL) and Abs Elut-Nexus SPE (60 mg, 3 mL)) |
LC-MS/MS (ESI) | - | 1–50 μg/L | - | [121] |
| Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine | Urine (1 mL) | Dilution (water with 0.1% formic acid) | LC-MS/MS (ESI) | 0.012–0.069 μg/L | 0.0356–0.215 μg/L | - | [124] |
Caption: ESI (electrospray ionization); LC (liquid chromatography); LLE (liquid-liquid extraction); MS (mass spectrometry); MS/MS (tandem mass spectrometry); SPE (solid-phase extraction); Q/ToF (time of flight).