Table 8.
Analytical methods for the determination of the main components of Salvia divinorum.
| Compounds | Sample (Amount) | Sample Preparation | Analytical Technique | Limits of Detection | Limits of Quantitation | Recovery (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salvinorin A | Urine (20 mL) | LLE (chloroform) and SPME (85 µm polyacrylate fiber) | GC × GC − ToF-MS | 4–200 μg/L | - | - | [157] |
| Salvinorin A | Urine (1 mL) | SPE (Waters Oasis ®HLB) | LC-MS (ESI) | 5 μg/L | 2.5 μg/L | - | [158] |
| Salvinorin A | Plasma (1 mL), Urine (1 mL), Saliva (1 mL) and Sweat (1 patch cut into littlepieces) | LLE (chloroform/isopropanol (9:1, v/v)) |
GC-MS (EI) | 3–5 μg/L | 10–15 μg/L | 77.1–92.7 | [159] |
| Salvinorin A | Pericardial fluid (0.25 mL), Vitreous humor (0.1 mL), Blood (0.25 mL) and Plasma (0.25 mL) | SPE (Waters Oasis®HLB) | GC-MS (EI) | 5.0 μg/L | 5.0 μg/L | - | [161] |
| Salvinorin A | Urine (0.2 mL) | MEPS (C18) | GC-MS/MS (EI) | 5.0 μg/L | 20 μg/L | 71–80 | [160] |
Caption: EI (electron impact); ESI (electrospray ionization); GC (gas chromatography); GC × GC (bidimensional gas chromatography); LC (liquid chromatography); LLE (liquid-liquid extraction); MEPS (microextraction by packed sorbent); MS (mass spectrometry); MS/MS (tandem mass spectrometry); SPE (solid-phase extraction); ToF (time of flight).