Figure 5.

BA is not involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human bladder cancer cells. (A) Cells were pre-treated with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 10 mM) for 1 h, and then cells were treated with BA (30 μg/mL) for 1 h or H₂O₂ (1 mM) for 15 min. Cells were stained with 5,6-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) for 20 min and were measured by flow cytometry. (B) Cells were pre-treated with or without NAC (10 mM) for 1 h, and then cells were treated with BA (0 and 30 μg/mL) for 48 h. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. untreated control group.