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. 2021 Mar 5;22(5):2639. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052639

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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An overview of the crosstalk between adipokines, myokines and hepatokines. Adipokines are represented in brown, myokines in green and hepatokines in blue. The arrows that are indicating upward indicate an increase and downward decrease. (x) represents inhibition and (+) activation. Blue arrows are associated with benefits, while red arrows are associated with harm aspects. IL: interleukin; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF-21: fibroblast growth factor-21; SkM: skeletal muscle; WAT: white adipose tissue; CVD: cardiovascular disease; LECT2: leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2; FFA: free fatty acid.