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Cytokines, palmitate, high glucose, and high glucose+palmitate effect on ER stress response markers. EIF2AK3, (a) HSPA4, (b) EIF2a, (c) and HSPA5 (d) mRNA expression were measured in 48 h cultured 1.1E7 cells with or without the cited treatment. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM of the mRNA expression indicated as arbitrary units relative to the control. Values were obtained from at least four independent experiments. * p < 0.05 with respect to the control condition.
