Figure 1.

Study flow diagram. In total, 763 patients with confirmed PBC from 10 independent hepatological referral centers were screened for study eligibility and real-world first-line UDCA treatment regimens and subsequent response rates at 12 months after the initiation of treatment were evaluated in 480 patients. Patients with an inadequate response to at least one of the response criteria (n = 116) were evaluated for hitherto available second-line treatment regimens and subsequent response rates at 12 months after treatment modification.