Table 2.

Plasma and fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels.

Groups	ND	HF	NDM	HFM	p-Value
Feces, mM/g Feces					HF	M	HF × M
Acetic acid	4.53 ± 0.43	4.02 ± 0.39	3.89 ± 0.43	3.60 ± 0.19	NS	NS	NS
Propionic acid	1.38 ± 0.34	1.11 ± 0.13	1.74 ± 0.15	1.09 ± 0.14	NS	NS	NS
Isobutyric acid	0.17 ± 0.03	0.27 ± 0.03 *	0.18 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.04 †	0.001	NS	NS
Butyric acid	2.06 ± 0.22	1.45 ± 0.23	1.43 ± 0.19	1.69 ± 0.30	NS	NS	NS
Isovaleric acid	0.13 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.04 *	0.16 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.08 †	<0.001	NS	NS
Valeric acid	0.16 ± 0.03	0.20 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.03 †	0.014	NS	NS
Plasma, µM					HF	M	HF × M
Acetic acid	195 ± 13	302 ± 27 *	209 ± 14	198 ± 16 #	0.019	0.029	0.006
Propionic acid	1.48 ± 0.20	1.46 ± 0.37	1.79 ± 0.17	1.32 ± 0.34	NS	NS	NS
Isobutyric acid	0.55 ± 0.15	ND	ND	0.36 ± 0.10	NS	NS	0.031
Butyric acid	2.13 ± 0.43	1.92 ± 0.29	1.25 ± 0.16 *	1.25 ± 0.42	NS	0.032	NS
Isovaleric acid	1.06 ± 0.42	0.31 ± 0.16	0.31 ± 0.06	0.69 ± 0.29	NS	NS	0.049
Valeric acid	6.07 ± 0.40	3.52 ± 0.79	3.11 ± 0.58	5.48 ± 0.55	NS	NS	0.001

N = 5–8/group; ND = not detectable; NS = no significance; * p < 0.05 vs. ND; † p < 0.05 vs. NDM; NS = not significant; HF × M = the interaction between high-fructose diet and minocycline.