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Escin downregulates TNF-α-induced mRNA expression level of IL-8 and VEGF. The BxPC-3, AsPC-1 and SW1990 cell lines were first treated with escin, then stimulated with TNF-α before the end of the incubation. The relative mRNA expression levels of VEGF and IL-8 were standardized to the expression level of GAPDH in each sample. *P<0.05. VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IL, interleukin.
