Figure 3.

The main structural changes in the subchondral bone occurs in OA depending on the stage of the disease (early or late). In the early stage, there is an increase in subchondral bone turnover characterized by thinning of the subchondral bone plate and by increasing porosity associated with impairment of the trabeculae: thickness decreasing and separation increasing. The late stage of OA is characterized by thickening of the plate and trabecular layers, by decreasing bone marrow spacing, by sclerosis of the subchondral bone, and by decreased mineralization.