Table 3.

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of individual leaves of kales under the control and UV-B exposure conditions for 2 days before harvest: F_v/F_m, the maximum quantum yield of PSII; Φ_PSII, the PSII operating efficiency; NPQ, nonphotochemical quenching.

Leaf Order 1	Fv/Fm		ΦPSII		NPQ
	Control	+UV-B	Control	+UV-B	Control	+UV-B
2	0.76 ab 2	0.77 a	0.57 abc	0.61 ab	0.49 b	0.40 b
3	0.78 a	0.78 a	0.62 a	0.58 abc	0.39 b	0.45 b
4	0.78 a	0.78 a	0.56 abcd	0.52 bcde	0.65 b	0.47 b
5	0.78 a	0.77 a	0.50 cdef	0.47 defg	0.45 b	0.47 b
6	0.78 a	0.76 a	0.46 efg	0.43 fg	0.43 b	0.55 b
7	0.74 abc	0.71 abcd	0.44 efg	0.42 fg	0.45 b	0.71 ab
8	0.74 abc	0.68 bcd	0.44 fg	0.42 fg	0.49 b	0.57 b
9	0.71 abcd	0.67 cd	0.45 efg	0.41 g	0.49 b	0.85 ab
10	0.72 abcd	0.66 d	0.48 efg	0.41 g	0.57 b	1.27 a
UV treatment		**		*		**
Leaf order		***		***		**
UV × Leaf order		ns		ns		*

¹ Leaf order indicates the leaf developmental age in order from the oldest leaf at the bottom to the youngest leaf at the top in a whole plant. ² Different letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 for each parameter (n = 3, mean) following two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, not significant.