Table 3.
Regression analysis and multiple logistic predictions for diabetic complications in adults
| Term | Simple model | Adjusted model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% IC) | P-Value | OR (95% IC) | P-Value | |
| Country (reference: Brazil) | ||||
| Mexico | 2.01 (1.84–2.20) | < 0.0001 | 3.04 (2.54–3.63) | < 0.0001 |
| Area of residence (reference: Urban) | ||||
| Rural | 1.22 (1.09–1.36) | 0.0004 | 1.22 (1.06–1.39) | 0.0049 |
| Sex (reference: Men) | ||||
| Women | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 0.5707 | 0.90 (0.80–1.01) | 0.0791 |
| Age (years) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | < 0.0001 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.4822 |
| Time living with diabetes (reference < 5 years) | ||||
| 5–10 years | 1.52 (1.34–1.71) | < 0.0001 | 1.39 (1.21–1.61) | < 0.0001 |
| 10–15 years | 2.11 (1.85–2.40) | < 0.0001 | 1.94 (1.66–2.26) | < 0.0001 |
| 15 years or more | 2.72 (2.42–3.06) | < 0.0001 | 2.47 (2.11–2.89) | < 0.0001 |
| Type of Medical care (reference: Private) | ||||
| Public | 1.56 (1.38–1.76) | < 0.0001 | 1.31 (1.13–1.52) | 0.0003 |
| Other | 2.32 (0.99–5.47) | 0.0538 | 3.13 (1.11–8.89) | 0.0316 |
| No medical care | 0.53 (0.45–0.62) | < 0.0001 | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 0.4939 |
| Type of diabetes treatment (reference: None) | ||||
| Oral medications | 2.06 (1.80–2.35) | < 0.0001 | 1.20 (1.01–1.43) | 0.0364 |
| Insulin | 4.02 (3.18–5.08) | < 0.0001 | 1.67 (1.25–2.24) | 0.0005 |
| Both | 4.60 (3.80–5.56) | < 0.0001 | 2.19 (1.70–2.81) | < 0.0001 |
| Silhouette (reference: normal weight) | ||||
| Underweight | 1.78 (1.50–2.12) | < 0.0001 | 1.46 (1.21–1.75) | 0.0001 |
| Overweight | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) | 0.7846 | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 0.9676 |
| Obese | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | 0.001 | 1.05 (0.87–1.26) | 0.6146 |
| Physical activity (reference: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.65 (0.57–0.73) | < 0.0001 | 0.72 (0.62–0.85) | < 0.0001 |
| Alcohol consumption (reference: No) | ||||
| At least monthly | 0.68 (0.58–0.78) | < 0.0001 | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) | 0.0656 |
| Less than monthly | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | 0.1171 | 0.84 (0.74–0.97) | 0.0162 |
| Measurement of venous glucose (reference: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.48 (1.35–1.63) | < 0.0001 | 1.53 (1.33–1.76) | < 0.0001 |
| Use of glucose strips (glucometer) (reference: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | < 0.0001 | 1.37 (1.21–1.55) | < 0.0001 |
| HbA1C (reference: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) | 0.1095 | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 0.9046 |
| Urinalysis (reference: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.35 (1.24–1.47) | < 0.0001 | 1.28 (1.12–1.47) | 0.0004 |
| Foot exam (reference: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.22 (1.11–1.35) | < 0.0001 | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 0.0020 |
| Cardiovascular disease diagnosis (reference: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.19 (1.09–1.3) | 0.0001 | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) | 0.0086 |
| Dyslipidemia diagnosis (reference: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.40 (1.27–1.55) | < 0.0001 | 1.54 (1.36–1.73) | < 0.0001 |
| Don’t know | 1.45 (1.27–1.65) | < 0.0001 | 1.29 (1.10–1.51) | 0.0021 |