Table 3.
UPDRS3 motor outcomes, overall and by community, Gauteng province, South Africa, 2016–2020
| All participants N = 716 |
Mn smelter community (Meyerton) N = 621 |
Reference community (Ethembalethu) N = 95 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Total UPDRS3 score ≥ 15a | 123 (17.2 %) | 120 (19.3 %) | 3 (3.2 %) |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| UPDRS3a | |||
| Total score | 8.5 (7.1) | 9.3 (7.2) | 3.7 (4.1) |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Median | 7 | 8 | 2 |
| Maximum | 52 | 52 | 20 |
| Upper limb bradykinesiab | 3.7 (3.2) | 4.0 (3.2) | 1.5 (2.1) |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Median | 3.5 | 4 | 1 |
| Maximum | 17 | 17 | 8 |
| Upper limb rigidityc | 1.0 (1.3) | 1.1 (1.3) | 0.4 (0.7) |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum | 5 | 5 | 3 |
| Lower limb bradykinesiac | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.2) | 0.3 (0.6) |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum | 6 | 6 | 2 |
| Lower limb rigidityc | 1.0 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.4) | 0.3 (0.7) |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum | 6 | 6.0 | 2.5 |
| Rest tremord | 0.04 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.0) |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Action tremorc | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.04 (0.2) |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Median | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Axial signse | 1.9 (2.4) | 2.0 (2.4) | 1.2 (1.9) |
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Median | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Maximum | 24 | 24 | 13 |
Abbreviations: Mn manganese; UPDRS3 Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection part 3
a Poorer motor performance is indicated by greater UPDRS3 scores.
b Sum of six UPDRS3 subscores: Finger-tapping, hand rotations, and rapid arm movements for each limb.
c Sum of the two UPDRS3 subscores (one for each limb).
d Sum of five UPDDRS3 subscores: Upper limbs, lower limbs, and face.
e Sum of eight UPDRS3 subscores: Speech, facial expression, neck rigidity, difficulty arising from a chair, posture, gait, postural instability, and global bradykinesia.