Table 1.
Descriptive baseline characteristics of participants
| Characteristics, mean ± SD or N (%) | All participants | 8-year mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alive N = 14,078 |
Deceased N = 1171 |
||
| Age (year) | 47.2 ± 16.7 | 46.1 ± 16.1 | 67.1 ± 14.7 |
| Sex, female | 7769 (51.7) | 7289 (52.1) | 480 (44.9) |
| Race | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 6949 (69.2) | 6263 (68.9) | 686 (9.3) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 3142 (10.8) | 2907 (10.7) | 235 (75.2) |
| Hispanic | 3964 (13.6) | 3763 (13.8) | 201 (11.3) |
| Other | 1194 (6.4) | 1145 (6.5) | 49 (4.2) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 4170 (18.2) | 3702 (17.4) | 468 (32.4) |
| High school | 3480 (22.6) | 3189 (22.4) | 291 (26.9) |
| Some college/ associate education | 4291 (30.7) | 4031 (31.0) | 260 (25.8) |
| College graduate or more | 3291 (28.5) | 3143 (29.2) | 148 (15.0) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 9020 (63.5) | 8444 (64.2) | 576 (50.7) |
| Widowed | 1276 (5.7) | 946 (4.6) | 330 (26.5) |
| Divorced or separated | 2179 (12.6) | 2002 (12.5) | 177 (14.5) |
| Never married | 2769 (18.1) | 2681 (18.7) | 88 (8.3) |
| Full-time working | 8278 (63.0) | 8069 (65.3) | 209 (22.7) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 8253 (54.6) | 7771 (55.3) | 482 (42.1) |
| Former | 3739 (24.7) | 3268 (23.9) | 471 (38.7) |
| Current | 3252 (20.7) | 3034 (20.8) | 218 (19.2) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| < 18.5 | 251 (1.7) | 221 (1.6) | 30 (2.9) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 4174 (29.5) | 3864 (29.6) | 310 (27.8) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 5071 (33.9) | 4668 (33.8) | 403 (34.7) |
| ≥ 30 | 5595 (34.9) | 5224 (35.0) | 371 (34.6) |
| Energy intake (Kcal) | 2182.3 ± 999.1 | 2199.1 ± 1000.6 | 1882.7 ± 920.8 |
| NI score (0 to 1) | 0.34 ± 0.15 | 0.33 ± 0.15 | 0.41 ± 0.16 |
| E-DII score (− 5.81 to 4.82) | 0.35 ± 1.97 | 0.37 ± 1.97 | 0.15 ± 1.92 |
| HEI-2015 score (0 to 100) | 51.2 ± 13.6 | 51.1 ± 13.6 | 51.8 ± 13.1 |
| MDS (0 to 10) | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 4.0 ± 1.5 |
| DASH score (0 to 9) | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.6 |
| FI score (0 to 1) | 0.10 ± 0.10 | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.15 |
DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, E-DII Energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index, FI Frailty index, HEI-2015 Healthy Eating Index-2015, Kcal kilocalories, kg kilogram, m meter, MDS Mediterranean Diet Score, NI Nutrition Index. Higher NI and E-DII scores and lower HEI-2015, MDS, and DASH scores represent worse dietary pattern/intake. The percentages and mean values are weighted with sampling weights