Table 1.
Synopsis of clinical trials involving singular and combinatorial MDSC-targeting agents for the treatment of prostate cancer.
| Trial Identifier | Compound(s) | Mechanism of Action | Phase Reached | Cohort | Therapy Type | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6-Mediated Pathways | ||||||
| N/A [Karkera] | CNTO 328/Siltuximab | IL-6 chimeric monoclonal antibody | Phase I | Organ-confined PCa, n = 20 | Monotherapy | Favorable preliminary safety profile with evidence of decreased activation of IL-6-mediated signalling pathways. |
| NCT00401765 | Phase I | mCRPC, n = 40 | Polytherapy (+docetaxel) | Promising PSA results but high toxicity. | ||
| NCT00433446 | Phase II | mCRPC, prior taxane therapy, n = 53 | Monotherapy | Poor efficacy, IL-6 increased dramatically post-treatment. | ||
| NCT00385827 | Phase II | mCRPC, prior docetaxel therapy, n = 106 | Polytherapy (+ mitoxantrone/prednisone) | Well tolerated, but no improvement in survival outcome. | ||
| CXCL5/CXCR2-Mediated Pathways | ||||||
| NCT03177187 | AZD5069 | CXCR2 antagonist | Phase I/II | mCRPC | Polytherapy (+enzalutamide) |
Currently recruiting. |
| Targeting S100A9 | ||||||
| NCT01234311 | Tasquinimod | S100A9 inhibitor | Phase III | mCRPC, n = 1245 | Monotherapy | No improvement in survival outcome. |
| Combinatorial Immunotherapeutic Approaches | ||||||
| NCT03098160 | Ipilipmumab/anti-CTLA4, Evofosamide |
ICB, Hypoxia disrupting prodrug | Phase I | Prostate and other cancers | Combinatorial | Recruiting. Current recruitment status unknown. |
| NCT03689699 | Nivolumab/anti-PD-1, BMS-986253/anti IL-8 | ICB, fully monoclonal antibody against IL-8 | Phase I/II | Hormone-sensitive PCa | Currently recruiting. | |
| NCT03493945 | BN-Brachyury, M7824, ALT-803, Epacadostat |
Anti-tumour vaccine, TGFβ TRAP/PD-L1, IL-15 agonist, IDO inhibitor | Phase I/II | CRPC | Currently recruiting. | |
| NCT02159950 | Tasquinimod, Sipuleucel T | S100A9 inhibitor, active immunotherapy | Phase II | mCRPC | Not completed due to lack of funding. | |