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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Z Gesundh Wiss. 2019 Mar 9;28(3):259–270. doi: 10.1007/s10389-019-01062-8

Figure 2: TS-induced cellular inflammatory responses and oxidative damage.

Figure 2:

Schematic representation of multiple pathways by which chronic exposure to TS can induce cellular damage and inflammation, thus affecting the cerebrovascular system including BBB integrity and immune responses.