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. 2021 Mar 8;22(5):2717. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052717

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The overall bias for studies regarding the lung utilizing human subjects was a high risk of bias (66.7%) and some concerns (33.3%). The selection of the reported result had a high risk of bias (50%) and some concerns (50%). The measurement of the outcome had a high risk of bias (16.7%), some concerns (33.3%), and low risk of bias (50%). The missing outcome data domain had a low risk of bias of 100%. Deviations from intended interventions had a low risk of bias (83.3%) and a high risk of bias (16.7%). The randomization process had a high risk of bias (50%) and some concerns (50%).