Table 2.
Summary of studies on adherence to cardiovascular medications
| Author/language(En/Fa)a | Publication year | Study design | Study population/location | Sample size | Study aim/type of intervention | Adherence definition | Adherence measurement tool | Adherence rate/score | Study qualitye |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heydari et al. 29 (En) | 2011 | Cross-sectional | Heart Failure | 108 | To investigate the relationship of a psychological model with adherence to therapeutic regimen | Not Defined | Self-report questionnaire/4 items | Adherence score 56.9 (max. 100) | *** |
| Two tertiary hospitals | |||||||||
| Mashhad | |||||||||
| Heydari et al. 35 (Fa) | 2011 | Cross-sectional | CVDb | 600 | To determine the frequency of rehospitalization and its contributing factors | “Stop drug intake or irregular intake in second admission group” | Self-report questionnaire/6 items | Not Applicable | *** |
| Five hospitals | |||||||||
| Mashhad | |||||||||
| Mohammadi et al. 36 (Fa) | 2006 | Randomized controlled trial |
Hypertension One hospital Ardabil |
200 | Face to face education and a follow-up program using home visits for 3 months | “Regular intake of medications” | Not Defined | Adherence rates: | ** |
| Pre-test/Post-test: | |||||||||
| Control group: 35.87%/42.4% | |||||||||
| Intervention group 39.13%/44.6% | |||||||||
| Hadi et al. 30 (En) | 2006 | Randomized controlled trial |
Hypertension Outpatient Clinic Shiraz |
150 | A four-arm trial, Live training plus one of the following reinforcement methods: (1) Telephone follow-up (2) Telephone follow-up plus educational booklet (3) educational booklet only (4)Usual care | Adherence score was calculated. (range: 0–5) | Self-report questionnaire/5 items (Modified MMASd) | Adherence score : | ** |
| Pre-test/Post-test | |||||||||
| (1) 2.67/4.14 | |||||||||
| (2) 2.25/3.88 | |||||||||
| (3) 2.82/4.35 | |||||||||
| (4) 2.92/4.23 | |||||||||
| Abbasi et al. 32 (Fa) | 2005 | Cross-sectional |
Hypertension Tehran Heart Center Clinic Tehran |
380 | Identification of compliance rate to drug regimens and its association with patients’ health beliefs | Adherence: | Self-report questionnaire (MMAS) | Adherence rate: 60% | ** |
|
0-1 : Good 2-4 : Poor | |||||||||
| Hadi et al. 16 (En) | 2004 | Cross-sectional | Hypertension | 250 | To investigated factors associated with medication compliance among hypertensivepatients | “proportion of amount of drugs used by patients compared to the amount of drugs, which had been prescribed” >90% = good compliance | Self-report questionnaire | Adherence rate: 39.6% | *** |
| Outpatient Clinic | |||||||||
| Shiraz | |||||||||
| Parsa-Yekta et al. 25 (Fa) | 2004 | Cross-sectional |
CADc Outpatient clinic Tehran |
150 | To identify factors related to medication compliance |
“percent of taken tablets” Good: 95-100% Moderate: 90-95% Weak: 56% |
Pill count | Adherence rate: | *** |
| Pill count: | |||||||||
| Good: 28% | |||||||||
| Weak: 56% | |||||||||
| Mohammadi et al. 34 (En) | 2002 | Qualitative (Grounded Theory) | Hypertension | 12 | To identify the conceptual structure of high blood pressure control in an Iranian hypertensive population (to develop a theoretical explanation for the issue) | Not Defined | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | *** |
| Patients, Physicians, and Nurses were interviewed | |||||||||
| Location unclear |
aEn: English, Fa: Farsi, bCardiovascular diseases: heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, deep vein thrombosis, cardiac valve diseases. cCoronary artery disease: myocardial infarction, angina pectoris. dMorisky medication adherence scale, eQuality rating: *Low, **Moderate, ***High.