Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in northern Ethiopia.
| Characteristic | All cases | Non-severe cases (asymptomatic and mild/moderate) | Severe cases (severe and critical) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 2617 | n = 2503 | n = 114 | ||
| Sociodemographic features | ||||
| Gender (male), n (%) | 1657 (63.3) | 1569 (62.7) | 88 (77.2) | 0.002 |
| Age in years [median (IQR)] | 29 (24–38) | 29 (24–38) | 55 (38–74) | <0.00001 |
| Age group [years, n (%)] | ||||
| <20 | 242 (9.2) | 234 (9.4) | 8 (7.0) | <0.0001 |
| 20–39 | 1752 (66.9) | 1730 (69.1) | 22 (19.3) | |
| 40–59 | 475 (18.2) | 443 (17.7) | 32 (28.1) | |
| ≥60 | 148 (5.7) | 96 (3.8) | 52 (45.6) | |
| Healthcare workers, n (%) | 229 (8.8) | 224 (9.0) | 5 (4.4) | 0.092 |
| Urban residents, n (%) | 698 (26.8) | 669 (26.9) | 29 (25.4) | 0.392 |
| History of travel, n (%) | 1514 (57.9) | 1409 (56.3) | 105 (92.1) | <0.0001 |
| History of contact with COVID-19 case, n (%) | 119 (4.6) | 117 (4.8) | 2 (1.8) | 0.143 |
| Clinical symptoms and signs | ||||
| Fever, n (%) | 161 (6.2) | 127 (5.1) | 34 (29.8) | <0.0001 |
| Dyspnoea, n (%) | 111 (4.2) | 35 (1.4) | 76 (66.7) | <0.0001 |
| Cough [any type, n (%)] | 345 (13.2) | 274 (11.0) | 71 (62.3) | <0.0001 |
| Non-productive cough | 191 (7.3) | 157 (6.3) | 34 (29.8) | <0.0001 |
| Productive cough | 154 (5.9) | 117 (4.7) | 37 (32.5) | <0.0001 |
| Haemoptysis, n (%) | 13 (0.5) | 10 (0.4) | 3 (2.6) | 0.001 |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 77 (2.9) | 56 (2.2) | 21 (18.4) | <0.0001 |
| Sore throat, n (%) | 87 (3.3) | 74 (3.0) | 13 (11.4) | <0.0001 |
| Headache, n (%) | 196 (7.5) | 159 (6.4) | 37 (32.5) | <0.0001 |
| Nasal congestion, n (%) | 59 (2.3) | 55 (2.2) | 4 (3.5) | 0.356 |
| Anosmia and/or dysgeusia, n (%) | 90 (3.4) | 74 (3.0) | 16 (14.0) | <0.0001 |
| Diarrhoea, n (%) | 24 (0.9) | 20 (0.8) | 4 (3.5) | 0.003 |
| Myalgia, n (%) | 212 (8.1) | 149 (6.0) | 63 (55.3) | <0.0001 |
| Temperature (median °C, IQR) | 36.0 (36.0–36.7) | 36.0 (36.0–36.7) | 36.3 (36.0–36.7) | 0.6756 |
| Systolic blood pressure (median mmHg, IQR) | 115 (108–125) | 115 (109–125) | 118 (110–125) | 0.9616 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (median mmHg, IQR) | 75 (67–80) | 75 (67–80) | 76 (69–80) | 0.2523 |
| Respiratory rate (median breaths/min, IQR) | 21 (19–22) | 21 (19–22) | 22 (20–23) | 0.1654 |
| Heart rate (median beats/min, IQR) | 80 (74–88) | 80 (73–88) | 81 (74–90) | 0.3292 |
IQR, interquartile range.