Table 2.
Comparison of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of mild/moderate versus severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in northern Ethiopia.
| Characteristic | All symptomatic cases | Mild/moderate cases | Severe cases (severe and critical) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 682 | n = 568 | n = 114 | ||
| Sociodemographic features | ||||
| Gender (male), n (%) | 471 (69.1) | 383 (67.4) | 88 (77.2) | 0.040 |
| Age in years [median (IQR)] | 32 (26–46) | 30 (25–40) | 55 (38–74) | <0.00001 |
| Age group [years, n (%)] | ||||
| <20 | 36 (5.3) | 28 (4.9) | 8 (7.0) | <0.0001 |
| 20–39 | 418 (61.3) | 396 (69.7) | 22 (19.3) | |
| 40–59 | 139 (20.4) | 107 (18.9) | 32 (28.1) | |
| ≥60 | 89 (13.0) | 37 (6.5) | 52 (45.6) | |
| Healthcare workers, n (%) | 110 (16.1) | 105 (18.5) | 5 (4.4) | <0.0001 |
| Urban residents, n (%) | 29 (25.4) | 0.107 | ||
| History of travel, n (%) | 493 (74.3) | 396 (71.0) | 97 (91.5) | <0.0001 |
| History of contact with COVID-19 case, n (%) | 26 (4.1) | 24 (4.5) | 2 (2.0) | 0.231 |
| Clinical symptoms and signs | ||||
| Fever, n (%) | 161 (23.6) | 127 (22.4) | 34 (29.8) | 0.087 |
| Dyspnoea, n (%) | 111 (16.3) | 35 (6.2) | 76 (66.7) | <0.0001 |
| Cough (any type, n (%)) | 354 (50.6) | 274 (48.2) | 110 (96.5) | <0.0001 |
| Non-productive cough | 191 (28.0) | 157 (27.6) | 34 (29.8) | 0.636 |
| Productive cough | 154 (22.6) | 117 (20.6) | 37 (32.5) | 0.006 |
| Haemoptysis, n (%) | 13 (1.9) | 10 (1.8) | 3 (2.6) | 0.535 |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 77 (11.3) | 56 (9.9) | 21 (18.4) | 0.008 |
| Sore throat, n (%) | 87 (12.8) | 74 (13.0) | 13 (11.4) | 0.635 |
| Headache, n (%) | 196 (28.7) | 159 (28.0) | 37 (32.5) | 0.337 |
| Nasal congestion, n (%) | 59 (8.7) | 55 (9.7) | 4 (3.5) | 0.032 |
| Anosmia and/or dysgeusia, n (%) | 90 (13.2) | 74 (13.0) | 16 (14.0) | 0.772 |
| Diarrhoea, n (%) | 24 (3.5) | 20 (3.5) | 4 (3.5) | 0.995 |
| Myalgia, n (%) | 212 (31.1) | 149 (26.2) | 63 (55.3) | <0.0001 |
| Temperature (median oC, IQR) | 36.0 (36.0–36.7) | 36.0 (36.0–36.7) | 36.3 (36.0–36.7) | 0.9616 |
| Systolic blood pressure (median mmHg, IQR) | 115 (108–125) | 116 (110–125) | 115 (105–1125) | 0.7106 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (median mmHg, IQR) | 76 (69–76) | 78 (70–81) | 76 (69–80) | 0.3882 |
| Respiratory rate (median breaths/min, IQR) | 22 (20–22) | 21 (18–22) | 22 (20–23) | 0.0047 |
| Heart rate (median beats/min, IQR) | 81 (75–90) | 82 (75–90) | 81 (74–90) | 0.6978 |
IQR, interquartile range.