Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis: association between race/ethnicity and outcomes by age group (<65 and ≥65-year-old) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
| Outcome: | ICU |
Intubation |
Death |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age subgroups (years) | <65 | ≥65 | <65 | ≥65 | <65 | ≥65 |
| OR [95% CI]; P value | OR [95% CI]; P value | OR [95% CI]; P value | OR [95% CI]; P value | OR [95% CI]; P value | OR [95% CI]; P value | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| HL*adjusted | 0.46 [0.20 - 1.04]; .06 | 2.66 [1.07 - 6.61]; .03* | 0.56 [0.21 - 1.48]; .24 | 3.66 [1.29 - 10.36]; .01* | 0.09 [0.01 - 0.83]; .03* | 1.55 [0.62 - 3.91]; .34 |
| HL unadjusted | 0.36 [0.17–0.74]; .01* | 2.08 [0.94–4.64]; .07 | 0.48 [0.20–1.14]; .10 | 3.73 [1.46–9.53]; .01* | 0.11 [0.01–0.88]; .04* | 1.28 [0.57–2.87]; .55 |
| NHAA adjusted | 0.99 [0.40 - 2.44]; .99 | 1.25 [0.44 - 3.54]; .67 | 1.17 [0.42 - 3.24]; .75 | 0.86 [0.19 - 3.77]; .84 | 0.71 [0.15 - 3.39]; .67 | 0.76 [0.25 - 2.31]; .63 |
| NHAA unadjusted | 0.99 [0.42–2.33]; .98 | 1.19 [0.44–3.22]; .731 | 1.19 [0.45–3.18]; .72 | 1.01 [0.25–4.05]; .99 | 0.91 [0.22–3.78]; .90 | 0.74 [0.26–2.11]; .57 |
| Age | 1.02 [0.99 - 1.06]; .08 | 0.97 [0.93 - 1.02]; .37 | 1.02 [0.98 - 1.06]; .25 | 0.93 [0.87 - 1.00]; .05 | 1.03 [0.96 - 1.11]; .36 | 1.04 [0.99 −1.09]; .06 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.02 [0.99 - 1.06]; .08 | 1.08 [0.51 - 2.27]; .83 | 2.1 [0.91 - 5.25]; .07 | 1.37 [0.54 - 3.42]; .49 | 0.71 [0.18 - 2.76]; .62 | 0.99 [0.47 - 2.09]; .47 |
| Coverage | ||||||
| Medicaid | 0.64 [0.27 - 1.50]; .31 | 5.96 [0.31 - 111.65]; .23 | 0.78 [0.30 - 2.06]; .62 | 3.31 [0.13 - 81.53]; .46 | 7.29 [0.78 - 67.79]; .08 | 2.03 [0.13 - 29.97]; .60 |
| Medicare | 1.15 [0.45 - 2.94]; .76 | 6.93 [0.73 - 65.04]; .09 | 0.93 [0.31 - 2.79]; .90 | 4.08 [0.41 - 40.24]; .22 | 4.2 [0.38 - 45.96]; .23 | 1.27 [0.20 - 1.82]; .79 |
| Self-pay | 0.61 [0.06 - 5.83]; .67 | 6.72 [0.18 - 238.57]; .29 | 1 - empty | 8.1 [0.20 −325.95]; .26 | 1 - empty | 4.03 [0.14 - 111.42]; .41 |
| E-vW score | 1.02 [0.97 - 1.07]; .33 | 1.04 [0.99 - 1.10]; .06 | 1.00 [0.95 - 1.06]; .75 | 1.03 [0.97 - 1.10]; .25 | 1.06 [0.99 - 1.15]; .79 | 1.01 [0.96 - 1.07]; .46 |
CI = confidence intervals; E-vW score = Weighted Elixhauser-van Walraven comorbidity score
; HL = Hispanic/Latinx; NHAA = Non-Hispanic African American;
OR = odds ratio.
The words “adjusted” and “unadjusted” refer to the odd ratios for each variable.
Logistic regression.
Reference variables (not shown): for racial/ethnic group: non-Hispanic White; for healthcare coverage (coverage): Commercial/HMO/PPO.
⁎
P values ≤.05 considered statistically significant.