Table 2.
Clinical features up to 12 months of children of mothers who developed rash during pregnancy
| Clinical features | Group 1 RT-qPCR+ | Group 2 RT-qPCR- | Group 3 No RT-qPCR | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 43 | n = 26 | n = 39 | n = 108 | |
| no. (%) | no. (%) | no. (%) | no. (%) | |
| Small for gestational age | 5 (12) | 5 (19) | 4 (10) | 14 (13) |
| CZS | 13 (30) | 0 | 13 (33) | 26 (24) |
| Time of diagnosis of CZS | (n= 13) | (n= 0) | (n= 13) | (n= 26) |
| At birth | 5 (38) | 0 | 7 (54) | 12 (46) |
| Up to 10 months of life | 8 (62) | 0 | 6 (46) | 14 (54) |
| Microcephaly | 6 (14) | 0 | 12 (31) | 18 (16) |
| Time of diagnosis of microcephaly | ||||
| At birtha | 8 (19) | 1 (4) | 7 (18) | 16 (15) |
| After birth | 1 (3) | 0 | 5 (13) | 6 (6) |
| Neurological findings b | (n= 43) | (n= 25) | (n= 38) | (n= 106) |
| Normal | 27 (62) | 24 (96) | 22(58) | 73 (69) |
| Mild | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | 0 | 2 (2) |
| Moderate | 10 (23) | 0 | 6 (16) | 16 (15) |
| Severe | 5 (12) | 0 | 10 (26) | 15 (14) |
| Ophthalmologic examination | (n= 38) | (n= 25) | (n= 34) | (n=97) |
| Optic nerve abnormalitiesc | 5 (13) | 0 | 4 (12) | 9 (9) |
| Choriorretinal abnormalitiesc | 5 (13) | 0 | 6 (18) | 11 (11) |
| Orthopedic examination | ||||
| Arthrogryposisd | 1 (3) | 0 | 7 (18) | 8 (7) |
| Clubfoot | 4 (9) | 1 (4) | 7 (18) | 12 (11) |
| Congenital hip dysplasia | 1 (3) | 0 | 1(3) | 2 (2) |
| Dysphagiae | 13 (30) | 0 | 14 (37) | 27 (25) |
| Low weight for agef | 6 (14) | 0 | 4 (10) | 10 (9) |
| Time of maternal rash / CZS children | (n=13) | (n= 0) | (n= 13) | |
| before pregnancyg | 1 (8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (4) |
| 1st trimester | 7 (54) | 0 | 11 (84) | 18 (69) |
| 2nd trimester | 4 (30) | 0 | 1 (8) | 5 (19) |
| 3rd trimester | 1 (8) | 0 | 1 (8) | 2 (8) |
a
HC of three children in Group 1 and one in Group 2 normalized during the follow-up period.
b
Eight CZS children in Group 1 and three in Group 3 had moderate neurological findings. All severe neurological findings were observed in CZS children.
c
Observed in 12 CZS children.
d
Only seen in CZS children.
e
Observed in 11 CZS children of Group 1 and 13 of Group 3.
f
Seven CZS children had low weight for age (<−2 z score; WHO, 2016).
g
Up to 3 months before pregnancy.
CZS, congenital Zika syndrome; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.