Skip to main content
. 2021 Mar 8;14(5):1291. doi: 10.3390/ma14051291
k Thermal conductivity of nanofluid (W/m·K)
v Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)
kb Boltzmann Constant (-)
T Temperature (K)
A Empirical constant (-)
Re Reynolds number (-)
Pr Prandtl number of base fluids (-)
M Empirical constant (-)
T0 Reference temperature (K)
cp Specific heat (J/kg·K)
Rb Thermal boundary resistance ((m2·K)/W)
r Radius (m)
n Empirical shape factor (-)
Bi Biot number (-)
d Diameter (m)
lbf Mean free path (nm)
Greek Symbols
ϕ Volume fraction of nanoparticle in base fluid(-)
δnl Nanolayer thickness (-)
βnl Dimensionless nanolayer parameter (-)
β Empirical correlation (-)
γ Ratio of nanolayer thickness to nanoparticle radius (-)
ρ Density (kg/m3)
ζ Empirical constant (-)
α Thermal diffusivity (m2/s)
μ Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s)
Subscripts
p Particle
bf Base fluid
m Matrix
nf Nanofluid