Table 1.
Participants’ baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | Prepandemic training group | In-person training group | Test group | P valuea | |||||
| Sample size, n |
86 | 36 | 38 | N/Ab | |||||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||||
|
|
Age (years), mean (SD) |
45.46 (11.71) | 47.14 (10.98) | 49.77 (11.17) | .15 | ||||
|
|
Male, n |
26 | 11 | 11 | .99 | ||||
|
|
Length of education (years), mean (SD) |
16.44 (2.63) | 15.47 (2.81) | 15.61 (2.91) | .19 | ||||
|
|
Previous meditation experience, n |
16 | 3 | 10 | .14 | ||||
| Race, n | |||||||||
|
|
Chinese | 79 |
36 | 36 | N/A | ||||
|
|
Malay | 2 |
0 | 1 | N/A | ||||
|
|
Indian | 3 |
0 | 1 | N/A | ||||
|
|
Other | 2 |
0 | 0 | N/A | ||||
| Clinical variables, mean (SD) | |||||||||
|
|
Perceived Stress Scale score | 20.17 (6.67) | 21.19 (8.07) | 19.26 (6.84) | .50 | ||||
|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory score | 6.29 (2.96) | 5.58 (2.98) | 6.82 (3.27) | .22 | ||||
|
|
Total sleep time (minutes) | 406.69 (55.57) | 402.38 (49.69) | 405.23 (68.98) | .93 |
||||
|
|
Sleep onset latency (minutes) | 23.64 (25.76) | 17.12 (12.66) | 27.09 (28.72) | .20 |
||||
aP values were derived from the appropriate statistical test (ie, analysis of variance/Chi-square test) for comparing all three groups.
bN/A: not applicable.