Table 2 |.
Human clinical trials focusing on ageing
| NAD+ precursor | Description | Design | Dose and duration | NCT/UMIN no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NMN | Study of efficacy against insulin sensitivity and β- cell functions in elderly women | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study Postmenopausal and prediabetic women Age 55–75 years |
Oral administration Long-term NMN administration: 250 mg daily for 8 weeks |
NCT03151239 |
| Study of pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy volunteer | Non-randomized, open-label, non-placebo-controlled study Male healthy volunteers Age from 40 to 60 years |
Oral administration Single administration of 100, 250 or 500 mg NMN |
UMIN000021309 | |
| Study of pharmacokinetics, safety and effects with regard to various hormonal levels in healthy volunteers | Randomized, dose-comparison, double-blinded study Healthy volunteers Age from 50 to 70 years |
Oral administration Long-term NMN administration: 100 mg or 200 mg for 24 weeks |
UMIN000025739 | |
| Study of pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy with regard to glucose metabolism in healthy volunteers | Non-randomized, open-label, non-placebo controlled study Male healthy volunteers Age from 40 to 60 years |
Oral administration Long-term NMN administration for 8 weeks. Dose is not described |
UMIN000030609 | |
| Study of pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy with regard to blood pressure and physical endurance in healthy volunteers | Multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Healthy volunteers Age from 40 to 65 years |
Oral administration Long term NMN administration; 300 mg daily for 60 days |
NCT04228640 | |
| Nicotinamide riboside | Study of safety and efficacy with regard to physical activities in elderly people | Non-randomized, open-label, crossover study Healthy volunteers Age from 55 to 79 years |
Oral administration Crossover of placebo for 6 weeks and NR 500 mg twice daily for 6 weeks |
NCT02921659 |
| Study of efficacy with regard to bone, skeletal muscle and metabolic functions in ageing | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Female healthy volunteers Age from 65 to 80 years |
Oral administration 1,000 mg NR daily in a regimen of 500 mg every 12 hours for 4.5 months After 4.5 months, advanced individual training will be implemented with administration of 1,000 mg daily (500 mg every 12 hours) for a further 6 weeks. Total of 6 months |
NCT03818802 | |
| Study of efficacy with regard to elevated systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study Healthy volunteers Age from 50 to 79 years |
Oral administration Long-term NR administration: 1,000 mg daily for 3 months |
NCT03821623 | |
| Study of recovery phase and improved outcome after acute illness | Randomized study Hospitalized patients with tissue damage Age from 18 years |
Oral administration Long-term NR administration: 250, 500 or 1,000 mg daily for 3 months |
NCT04110028 | |
| Study of pharmacokinetics and efficacy with regard to brain function, including cognition and blood flow in people with MCI | Randomized study Patients with MCI Age from 65 years |
Oral administration NR dosage increased from 250 mg daily to 1 g daily as tolerated |
NCT02942888 | |
| Study of cognitive performance in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment in ageing | Crossover, randomized block sequence, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Patients with MCI Age from 60 years |
Oral administration Long-term NR administration: 1,200 mg for 8 weeks |
NCT04078178 | |
| Study of safety and efficacy with regard to NAD+ sustainability in elderly people | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study Healthy volunteers Age from 60 to 80 years |
Oral administration 1XNRPT (250 mg NR and 50 mg pterostilbene) once daily or 2XNRPT (500 mg NR and 100 mg pterostilbene) twice daily for 8 weeks |
NCT02678611 | |
| NAM | Study of the efficacy a mixture of the NAD+ precursors NA, NAM and tryptophan with regard to physical function and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in physically compromised, elderly humans | Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial Healthy volunteers Age from 65 to 75 years |
Oral administration Long-term administration of NAD+ precursors: total of 204 NE per serving in a whey protein source for 31 days |
NCT03310034 |
| Exploratory study on phosphorylated tau protein changes in CSF in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease and mild Alzheimer disease dementia | Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study Patients with Alzheimer disease Age from 50 years |
Oral administration Long-term administration of NAM: 1,500 mg daily for 48 weeks |
NCT03061474 | |
| Study of efficacy with regard to the severity of Parkinson disease symptoms | Double-blind, randomized study Patients with Parkinson disease Age from 35 years |
Oral administration Long-term administration of NAM: 200 mg daily for 18 months |
NCT03808961 |
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; NA, nicotinic acid; NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAM, nicotinamide; NE, niacin equivalents; NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide; NR, nicotinamide riboside.