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. 2021 Mar 16;16(3):e0248246. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248246

Table 1. Descriptive data of the three experimental groups.

Contingent biofeedback Coherent breathing Control condition F/Chi^2 p
Age 24.13 (4.97) 23.75 (3.94) 23.97 (3.62) 0.064 .938
Waist-to-hip ratio .78 (.06) .81 (.06) .79 (.16) 0.825 .441
Trait anxiety (STADI) 36.81 (7.44) 34.91 (9.31) 37.10 (8.56) 0.619 .541
Factors of interoceptive awareness (MAIA subscales)
Noticing 4.13 (0.76) 3.98 (0.85) 4.23 (0.92) 0.639 .530
Not-Distracting 3.31 (0.89) 3.36 (0.89) 3.24 (0.77) 0.153 .858
Not-Worrying 3.26 (0.71) 3.50 (0.82) 3.82 (0.93) 3.613 .031
Attention Regulation 3.65 (0.64) 3.72 (0.94) 3.90 (0.75) 0.757 .472
Emotional Awareness 4.59 (0.65) 4.43 (1.02) 4.66 (0.83) 0.595 .554
Self-Regulation 3.27 (0.79) 3.66 (1.06) 3.55 (0.94) 1.437 .243
Body Listening 3.13 (0.78) 3.43 (1.03) 3.20 (1.05) 0.827 .440
Trusting 4.59 (1.00) 4.93 (0.99) 4.58 (1.06) 1.192 .308
Pre-intervention HR (BPM) 73.00 (10.33) 74.00 (11.04) 75.98 (12.74) 0.537 .586
Post-intervention HR (BPM) 69.47 (9.93) 71.58 (11.03) 72.20 (11.07) 0.506 .605
BP systolic (mm/Hg) before/after baseline 133.71 (18.06)/ 124.58 (15.41) 130.10 (11.88)/ 119.81 (10.44) 132.30 (17.87)/ 126.23 (17.74) 0.393/ 1.559 .676/ .216
BP diastolic (mm/Hg) before/after baseline 72.32 (8.43)/ 71.32 (7.91) 69.68 (7.20)/ 66.61 (7.24) 73.37 (10.04)/ 69.57 (10.77) 1.493/ 2.295 .230/ .107
Gender 10m/21w 17m/15w 18m/12w 5.14 .077
Smoking 26n/5y 26n/6y 22n/8y 1.13 .569
Physical activity 13n/18y 8n/24y 8n/22y 2.53 .283
Education 21h/10u 22h/10u 16h/14u 1.96 .376

Note. Smoking and physical activity were assessed by one question with a dichotomous yes (y) and no (n) answer. Education was dichotomous with high school (h) and university (u). BP = blood pressure. HR = heartrate. BPM = beats per minute. MAIA = Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, STADI = State Trait Anxiety Depression Inventory.