Table 1. Descriptive data of the three experimental groups.
Contingent biofeedback | Coherent breathing | Control condition | F/Chi^2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 24.13 (4.97) | 23.75 (3.94) | 23.97 (3.62) | 0.064 | .938 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | .78 (.06) | .81 (.06) | .79 (.16) | 0.825 | .441 |
Trait anxiety (STADI) | 36.81 (7.44) | 34.91 (9.31) | 37.10 (8.56) | 0.619 | .541 |
Factors of interoceptive awareness (MAIA subscales) | |||||
Noticing | 4.13 (0.76) | 3.98 (0.85) | 4.23 (0.92) | 0.639 | .530 |
Not-Distracting | 3.31 (0.89) | 3.36 (0.89) | 3.24 (0.77) | 0.153 | .858 |
Not-Worrying | 3.26 (0.71) | 3.50 (0.82) | 3.82 (0.93) | 3.613 | .031 |
Attention Regulation | 3.65 (0.64) | 3.72 (0.94) | 3.90 (0.75) | 0.757 | .472 |
Emotional Awareness | 4.59 (0.65) | 4.43 (1.02) | 4.66 (0.83) | 0.595 | .554 |
Self-Regulation | 3.27 (0.79) | 3.66 (1.06) | 3.55 (0.94) | 1.437 | .243 |
Body Listening | 3.13 (0.78) | 3.43 (1.03) | 3.20 (1.05) | 0.827 | .440 |
Trusting | 4.59 (1.00) | 4.93 (0.99) | 4.58 (1.06) | 1.192 | .308 |
Pre-intervention HR (BPM) | 73.00 (10.33) | 74.00 (11.04) | 75.98 (12.74) | 0.537 | .586 |
Post-intervention HR (BPM) | 69.47 (9.93) | 71.58 (11.03) | 72.20 (11.07) | 0.506 | .605 |
BP systolic (mm/Hg) before/after baseline | 133.71 (18.06)/ 124.58 (15.41) | 130.10 (11.88)/ 119.81 (10.44) | 132.30 (17.87)/ 126.23 (17.74) | 0.393/ 1.559 | .676/ .216 |
BP diastolic (mm/Hg) before/after baseline | 72.32 (8.43)/ 71.32 (7.91) | 69.68 (7.20)/ 66.61 (7.24) | 73.37 (10.04)/ 69.57 (10.77) | 1.493/ 2.295 | .230/ .107 |
Gender | 10m/21w | 17m/15w | 18m/12w | 5.14 | .077 |
Smoking | 26n/5y | 26n/6y | 22n/8y | 1.13 | .569 |
Physical activity | 13n/18y | 8n/24y | 8n/22y | 2.53 | .283 |
Education | 21h/10u | 22h/10u | 16h/14u | 1.96 | .376 |
Note. Smoking and physical activity were assessed by one question with a dichotomous yes (y) and no (n) answer. Education was dichotomous with high school (h) and university (u). BP = blood pressure. HR = heartrate. BPM = beats per minute. MAIA = Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, STADI = State Trait Anxiety Depression Inventory.