Table 1.
Overview of different pharmaco-substances used, cellular-transmission targets and their major effect on spontaneous activity
| Drug | Concentration | Function | Effect on SP spontaneous activity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | TTX | 1 μM | Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels | Complete block of action potentials. No effect on plateau depolarizations |
| 02 | DNQX | 20 μM | Blocks glutamatergic AMPA receptors | No significant effect on plateau depolarizations |
| 03 | Strychnine | 20 μM | Blocks glycinergic receptors | No significant effect on plateau depolarizations |
| 04 | Cocktail of 5 drugs dubbed “Syn. Block” (DNQX, APV, bicuculline, strychnine, and TTX) | DNQX = 20 μM; APV = 20 μM; Bicucull. = 20 μM; strychnine = 20 μM; TTX = 1 μM | Blocks glutamatergic (AMPA and NMDA), GABAergic (GABA-A), and glycinergic receptors, as well as the voltage-gated sodium channels |
|
| 05 | Octanol | 1 mM | Blocks gap junctions and hemichannels | Potently blocks plateau depolarizations |
| 06 | Lanthanum | 50 μM | Blocks connexin hemichannels | Potently blocks plateau depolarizations |
| 07 | Probenecid | 2.5 mM | Blocks pannexin hemichannels | No effect on plateau depolarizations |
| 08 | Lindane | 50 μM | Blocks connexin hemichannels | Potently blocks the number and duration of plateau depolarizations. Small but significant decrease of the plateau amplitude |
| 09 | Cocktail of 3 drugs dubbed “MVD” (Mibefradil, Verapamil and Diltiazem) | Mibefradil = 90 μM; Verapamil = 20 μM; Diltiazem = 20 μM | Blocks voltage-gated calcium channels | No effect on the number of depolarizing events, or their duration. A small but statistically significant decrease in plateau amplitude |
| 10 | Gadolinium | 25 μM | Blocks connexin hemichannels | Potently blocks plateau depolarizations |
| 11 | PPADS | 10 μM | Blocks purinergic receptors | Decreases the duration of the plateau depolarizations, causing a significant change in the surface area |
| 12 | DLFC
|
100 μM | Blocks ATP production in glia | Decreases the number of active cells per visual field and the number of events in recordings |