Figure 3.

(A) Prevalence of persistent atrial fibrillation was markedly increased in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from Exams 1 to 2. (B and C) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients who developed persistent atrial fibrillation displayed greater reduction in right ventricular fractional area change and more biatrial dilation than those who did not. (D) Development of incident persistent atrial fibrillation was associated with an increase in the prevalence of moderate-severe tricuspid regurgitation from 15% to 39%. #P < 0.001 vs. heart failure with preserved ejection fraction who did not develop persistent atrial fibrillation; ǂP = 0.03 vs. Exam 1. AF, atrial fibrillation; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LAVI, left atrial volume index; RA, right atrial; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.