Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for study populations used in the Diabetes Lifetime-perspective prediction model pooled by geographical origin
| Derivation |
Validation |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group size | NDR derivation (n = 292 024) | NDR validation (n = 97 342) | Western- Europe (n = 7742) | Eastern- Europe (n = 2142) | North- America (n = 14 590) | Asia and Oceania (n = 5580) | Scotland (n = 167 731) |
| Age (year) | 65 (57–74) | 65 (57–74) | 65 (59–70) | 65 (59–71) | 63 (58–68) | 65 (60–69) | 60 (51–68) |
| Sex (male) | 164 672 (56%) | 54 584 (56%) | 5074 (66%) | 949 (44%) | 8488 (58%) | 3196 (57%) | 96 989 (58%) |
| Current smoking | 48 235 (17%) | 16 206 (17%) | 1419 (18%) | 377 (18%) | 1989 (14%) | 741 (13%) | 59 434 (35%) |
| Duration of diabetes mellitus (year) | 2 (0–7) | 2 (0–7) | 2 (2–5) | 7 (3–12) | 6 (2–12) | 7 (3–12) | 0 (0–0) |
| Insulin treatment | 49 388 (17%) | 16 639 (17%) | 606 (8%) | 43 (2%) | 3587 (25%) | 84 (2%) | 16 373 (10%) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (128–150) | 140 (128–150) | 150 (137–164) | 148 (135–163) | 139 (127–150) | 141 (128–155) | 135 (125–145) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 (26–33) | 29 (26–33) | 29 (26–32) | 30 (27–33) | 31 (28–35) | 26 (24–29) | 32 (28–36) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 50 (44–59) | 50 (44–59) | 53 (45–64) | 56 (46–69) | 63 (55–73) | 55 (48–67) | 53 (46–65) |
| Non-HDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.7 (3.0–4.5) | 3.7 (3.0–4.5) | 3.8 (3.1–4.6) | 4.3 (3.6–5.1) | 3.9 (3.1–4.6) | 3.8 (3.1–4.6) | 3.4 (2.7–4.3) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2; CKD-EPI) | 84 (68–96) | 84 (68–96) | 72 (61–86) | 70 (59–83) | 81 (67–94) | 79 (65––92) | 83 (68–96) |
| Micro-albuminuria | 43 231 (15%) | 14 668 (15%) | 2707 (35%) | 560 (26%) | 2892 (20%) | 1731 (31%) | 24 631 (15%) |
| Macro-albuminuria | 20 526 (7%) | 6832 (7%) | 201 (3%) | 99 (5%) | 761 (5%) | 276 (5%) | 2318 (1 %) |
| History of CVD | 55 896 (19%) | 18 674 (19%) | 2618 (34%) | 771 (36%) | 4948 (34%) | 1784 (32%) | 24 853 (15%) |