Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| HFpEFLW− (n = 28) | HFpEFLW+ (n = 33) | P-value | SMD (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66 ± 10 | 66 ± 13 | 0.89 | 0.04 (-0.47 to 0.54) |
| Female (%) | 61 | 42 | 0.20 | — |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 33 ± 7 | 35 ± 8 | 0.32 | 0.26 (−0.25 to 0.76) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Coronary disease (%) | 26 | 27 | 1.00 | — |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 18 | 33 | 0.24 | — |
| Hypertension (%) | 100 | 91 | 0.24 | — |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 21 | 28 | 0.55 | — |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE or ARB (%) | 57 | 39 | 0.20 | — |
| Beta-blocker (%) | 32 | 55 | 0.12 | — |
| Loop diuretic (%) | 52 | 69 | 0.28 | — |
| Laboratories | ||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 0.067 | −0.48 (−0.99 to 0.03) |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5 ± 1.3 | 12.0 ± 1.5 | 0.25 | −0.30 (−0.80 to 0.21) |
| Albumin (n = 39/61) (g/dL) | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 0.21 | −0.40 (−1.03 to 0.24) |
| NT-proBNP (n = 46/61) (pg/mL) | 91 (30–423) | 336 (93–1058) | 0.017 | — |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 62 ± 5 | 60 ± 5 | 0.17 | −0.37 (−0.90 to 0.17) |
| LV diastolic dimension (mm) | 51 ± 4 | 52 ± 5 | 0.64 | 0.14 (−0.43 to 0.70) |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 94 ± 20 | 92 ± 19 | 0.81 | −0.07 (−0.66 to 0.51) |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | 32 ± 10 | 37 ± 15 | 0.23 | 0.36 (−0.23 to 0.93) |
| LA reservoir strain (%) (n = 57/61) | 32 ± 14 | 24 ± 15 | 0.037 | −0.57 (−1.09 to −0.03) |
| LA compliance (%/mmHg) (n = 57/61) | 1.62 ± 0.86 | 1.00 ± 0.84 | 0.008 | −0.73 (−1.25 to −0.18) |
| LV e’ velocity (cm/s) | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 0.88 | 0.05 (−0.49 to 0.58) |
| LV E/e’ ratio | 11.6 ± 4.9 | 12.9 ± 6.1 | 0.40 | 0.23 (−0.31 to 0.76) |
| MR (%) (no/mild/moderate) | 56/44/0 | 43/54/3 | 0.37 | — |
| TR (%) (no/mild/moderate) | 68/24/8 | 46/29/25 | 0.17 | — |
| RV dysfunctiona (%) | 31 | 64 | 0.011 | — |
Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range).
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; E/e’, ratio of early diastolic transmitral filling velocity (E) and early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity (e’); LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; MR, mitral regurgitation; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; RV, right ventricular; SMD, standardized mean difference; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.
a
RV dysfunction was defined by American Society of Echocardiography recommendations as either RV FAC <35% or RV s’ <10 cm/s.