Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| mTBI Group (N = 24) |
Control Group (N = 21) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | P Values |
| Age, y | 29.4 ± 8.4 | 29.3 ± 8.4 | 0.945 |
| Sex, % female | 66.7 | 66.7 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.0 ± 5.2 | 29.5 ± 8.1 | 0.219 |
| Education, % | |||
| Some HS | 4.2 | 0 | |
| HS degree | 50 | 23.8 | |
| 2-y college degree | 16.7 | 23.8 | |
| 4-y college degree | 20.8 | 33.0 | |
| Master’s or above | 4.2 | 19.0 | |
| Loss of consciousness during mTBI, % | 58.3 | NA | |
| Reported headaches following mTBI, % | 91.6 | NA | |
| Taking medication for headaches, % | 62.5 | 0 | |
| HA intensity, 0–10 NRS | 5.9 ± 2.7 | 1.1 ± 2.2 | <0.001* |
| MPQ PRI | 23.7 ± 13.9 | 4.5 ± 5.6 | <0.001* |
| PCS | 22.0 ± 11.5 | 7.6 ± 7.9 | <0.001* |
| CES-D | 21.4 ± 15.2 | 9.4 ± 8.3 | 0.005* |
| STAI State | 37.3 ± 10.9 | 28.3 ± 9.4 | 0.005* |
CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HA = headache; HS = high school; MPQ PRI = McGill Pain Questionnaire–Pain Rating Index; NA = not applicable; PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; STAI = State Trait Anxiety Inventory.
*
Significant P values.