Table 4.

Logistic regression results for the association between state law requiring daily participation in physical education and students taking physical education daily

Variable	At least some students taking PE daily	All students taking PE daily
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
State law requires daily participation in PE	4.85*** (2.58, 9.12)	5.89*** (3.46, 10.02)
Grade level
Elementary	Referent	Referent
Middle	5.05*** (3.29, 7.75)	1.67* (1.08, 2.58)
High	12.70*** (6.78, 23.79)	0.42** (0.23, 0.76)
District race/ethnicity
≥66% White	Referent	Referent
≥50% Black	0.94 (0.39, 2.27)	1.01 (0.39, 2.63)
≥50% Hispanic	2.94* (1.18, 7.28)	2.58* (1.15, 5.79)
Other	0.81 (0.47, 1.40)	0.82 (0.47, 1.41)
District child poverty rate
<20%	Referent	Referent
≥20%	1.80* (1.06, 3.05)	1.40 (0.81, 2.41)
School urbanicity
Urban	Referent	Referent
Suburban	1.77+ (0.95, 3.31)	1.19 (0.64, 2.19)
Rural	3.28** (1.55, 6.93)	2.06* (1.01, 4.21)
School size
Small (fewer than 500 students)	0.71 (0.35, 1.41)	0.87 (0.47, 1.62)
Medium (500–999 students)	0.82 (0.45, 1.50)	1.12 (0.64, 1.95)
Large (1,000 or more students)	Referent	Referent
Region
West	Referent	Referent
Midwest	0.78 (0.37, 1.63)	0.82 (0.42, 1.61)
South	0.86 (0.42, 1.77)	0.83 (0.45, 1.53)
Northeast	0.38* (0.17, 0.87)	0.65 (0.28, 1.50)
Adjusted prevalence of students taking PE daily
Without state law	50.9%	20.5%
With state law	77.7%	56.5%

N = 1,070 schools. CI confidence interval; PE physical education; OR odds ratio.

⁺  p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.