Table 2.

Phase II: mid-term meeting

Category	Communication competencies
Listening	Active listening
	Reflective listening/using reflections
Empathy	Empathy
Nonjudgmental curiosity	Evocation
	Open questions
	Eliciting “change-talk”
Providing information (in Socratic manner)	Providing information
Assess and recognize readiness for change	Responding to resistance
	Responding to ambivalence
	Goal setting
	Behavior shaping
	Stimulus control
	Reinforcement management
Fostering a change-based relationship	Acceptance, tolerance, and respect
	Guiding relational style
	Collaboration/working toward a common goal
	Willingness to understand
	Affirmation
Taking on the expert role	Telling patients what to do (being prescriptive)/advice giving
Manipulating	Guilting or shaming patients
	Being argumentative or confrontational
	Negatively judging and blaming
	Displaying hostility and impatience