Fig 2.

Artifacts interfering with CTA interpretation. A, Contrast reflux into small neck veins obscures evaluation of the vertebral arteries (black arrows). B, Significant streak artifacts from dental hardware limit evaluation of the carotid and vertebral arteries. C, Left-sided injection results in attenuated contrast opacification of the left brachiocephalic vein, which obscures the origin of the great vessels. D, Photon starvation between the shoulders results in streaks of low attenuation that make evaluation of the vertebral arteries difficult.