Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and musical background information (N = 23 TBI patients).
| All | AB | BA | Difference between groups (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | ||||
| Age | 41.4 (13.2) | 41.1 (14.4) | 42.1 (11.6) | .860 (t) |
| Gender (female/male) | 10/13 | 7/8 | 3/5 | 1.000 (F) |
| Handedness (right/left/both) | 22/0/1 | 14/0/1 | 8/0/0 | 1.000 (F) |
| Education in years | 14.4 (2.5) | 14.0 (2.6) | 14.9 (2.2) | .420 (t) |
|
| ||||
| Clinical information | ||||
| GCS | 12.9 (3.5) | 12.8 (3.6) | 13.0 (3.6) | .967 (U) |
| PTA classificationa | 1.8 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.9 (0.9) | .740 (t) |
| Cause of injury (traffic-related/fall/other) | 7/12/4 | 5/9/1 | 2/3/3 | .222 (F) |
| Time since injury (months) | 7.8 (6.1) | 8.0 (6.1) | 7.4 (6.5) | .820 (t) |
| Lesion lateralityb (left/right/both) | 6/1/12 | 3/1/9 | 3/0/3 | .495 (F) |
| DAIc (yes/no) | 11/11 | 6/8 | 5/3 | .659 (F) |
| Hemorrhages, bleeds or ischemic injuryc (yes/no) | 13/9 | 9/5 | 4/4 | .662 (F) |
| GOSEc | 5.4 (1.4) | 5.2 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.2) | .521 (t) |
| NOS-TBId | 2.0 (2.2) | 2.1 (2.2) | 1.9 (2.5) | .848 (t) |
|
| ||||
| Musical background | ||||
| Instrument playing (yes/no) | 15/8 | 10/5 | 5/3 | 1.000 (F) |
| Years of playing | 4.7 (10.4) | 5.0 (11.7) | 4.0 (6.5) | .823 (U) |
| Singing (yes/no) | 11/12 | 8/7 | 3/5 | .667 (F) |
| Years of singing | 5.8 (11.7) | 8.2 (14.1) | 1.5 (3.1) | .330 (U) |
| Dancing (yes/no) | 11/12 | 8/7 | 3/5 | .667 (F) |
| Years of dancing | 5.3 (10.7) | 5.5 (11.3) | 4.9 (10.4) | .714 (U) |
a1 = mild (<24 hours); 2 = moderate (1-7 days); 3 = severe (>7days); 4 = very severe (>4 week). bBased on MRI findings. cGlasgow Outcome Scale Extended. dNeurological Outcome Scale for TBI.