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. 2013 Apr;34(4):908–915. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3292

Table 1:

Enhancement characteristics of intramedullary spinal cord metastases and primary masses (per-lesion basis)

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastases (n = 64) Primary Spinal Cord Masses (n = 64) Ependymoma (n = 21) Astrocytoma (n = 21) Hemangioblastoma (n = 11) Ganglioglioma (n = 5) Cavernous Malformation (n = 6)
No enhancement 1 (2%) 10 (16%) 0 6 (29%) 0 1 (20%) 3 (50%)
Rim sign 21 (33%) 2 (3%) 0 0 2 (18%) 0 0
Flame sign 19 (30%) 2 (3%) 1 (5%) 1 (5%) 0 0 0
Rim without flame sign 9 (14%) 2 (3%) 0 0 2 (18%) 0 0
Flame without rim sign 7 (11%) 2 (3%) 1 (5%) 1 (5%) 0 0 0
Only rim or flame signa 16 (25%) 4 (6%) 1 (5%) 1 (5%) 2 (18%) 0 0
Both rim and flame signs 12 (19%) 0 0 0 0 0 0
At least rim or flame signb 28 (44%) 4 (6%) 1 (5%) 1 (5%) 2 (18%) 0 0
a

Sum of the 2 preceding rows (lesions that demonstrated only 1 of the 2 signs).

b

Sum of the 2 preceding rows (lesions that demonstrated at least 1 of the 2 signs, whether alone or in combination with the other sign).