Table 1.
Basic Demographics and Premorbid Functioning Compared Between Treatment-Resistant (TRS) and Non-treatment-Resistant (non-TRS) Schizophrenia Groups
| TRS (n = 157) | non-TRS (n = 293) | U/χ2 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic demographics | ||||
| Current age (SD) | 36.28 (3.78) | 37.27 (3.66) | 19256.0 | .004 |
| Age of onset (SD) | 19.37 (3.31) | 20.51 (3.46) | 18631.0 | .001 |
| Years of education (SD) | 10.18 (2.27) | 10.62 (2.32) | 21109.5 | .158 |
| Gender (male) (%) | 83 (52.9%) | 159 (54.3%) | 0.081 | .776 |
| Substance use disorder (SUD) history | 2.385 | .122 | ||
| No SUD (%) | 139 (88.5%) | 272 (92.8%) | ||
| Had SUD (%) | 18 (11.5%) | 21 (7.2%) | ||
| Log DUP (d) (SD) | 1.89 (0.7) | 2.00 (0.77) | 21034.0 | .135 |
| Baseline and year 1 clinical variables | ||||
| M1 positive symptoms (SD) | 4.54 (1.03) | 4.39 (0.89) | 20229.0 | .031 |
| M1 negative symptoms (SD) | 2.94 (1.29) | 2.80 (1.23) | 21272.5 | .211 |
| EP1 duration (d), mean/median | 117.43 (158.3) | 87.22 (105.35) | 20343.5 | .043 |
| Y1 hospitalization (d) (SD) | 90.31 (137.8) | 62.3 (97.47) | 19843.5 | .016 |
| Y1 number of relapses (SD) | 0.38 (0.62) | 0.18 (0.45) | 19305.0 | <.001 |
| Y1 DDD (SD) | 0.85 (0.63) | 0.61 (0.5) | 17075.0 | <.001 |
| Combined years 1 and 2 clinical variables | ||||
| 24-month hospitalization (d) (SD) | 118.66 (144.38) | 78.08 (111.11) | 16280.0 | <.001 |
| 24-month number of relapses (SD) | 0.92 (0.93) | 0.49 (0.7) | 15187.0 | <.001 |
| 24-month DDD (SD) | 0.9 (0.57) | 0.59 (0.47) | 14816.0 | <.001 |
| Service cohort | 0.792 | .373 | ||
| Early intervention (%) | 74 (47.1%) | 151 (51.5%) | ||
| Standard care (%) | 83 (52.9%) | 142 (48.5%) | ||
| Premorbid Adjustment Scale | Interviewed (n = 112) | Interviewed (n = 170) | ||
| PAS academic Child | 0.42 (0.19) | 0.37 (0.21) | 8394.5 | .124 |
| PAS academic Early adolescent | 0.45 (0.19) | 0.43 (0.2) | 8297.0 | .446 |
| PAS academic Late adolescent | 0.46 (0.17) | 0.46 (0.2) | 4777.5 | .737 |
| PAS academic total | 0.45 (0.16) | 0.42 (0.18) | 8970.5 | .459 |
| PAS social Child | 0.29 (0.23) | 0.27 (0.26) | 8488.5 | .214 |
| PAS social Early adolescent | 0.31 (0.23) | 0.29 (0.27) | 8415.5 | .164 |
| PAS social Late adolescent | 0.35 (0.24) | 0.32 (0.26) | 7920.0 | .198 |
| PAS social Adult | 0.55 (0.25) | 0.47 (0.25) | 7550.0 | .010 |
| PAS social total | 0.42 (0.22) | 0.38 (0.24) | 8236.5 | .066 |
| PAS overall | 0.41 (0.16) | 0.37 (0.18) | 8536.0 | .142 |
Note: U, Mann-Whitney-U; χ 2, Chi-square; SD, standard deviation; DUP, duration of untreated psychosis; M1, month 1; EP1, episode 1; Y1, year 1; DDD, defined daily dose; PAS, Premorbid Adjustment Scale.
aThe bold value are all significant P-values.