Table 3.
Basic demographics, Early Clinical Characteristics, and Premorbid Functioning Compared Between Clozapine-Resistant Schizophrenia (CR-TRS) and Non-clozapine-Resistant Schizophrenia (nCR-TRS) Groups
| CR-TRS (n = 36) | nCR-TRS (n = 91) | U/χ2 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic demographics | ||||
| Current age (SD) | 36.53 (3.53) | 35.65 (3.69) | 1411.5 | .224 |
| Age of onset (SD) | 19.67 (3.22) | 18.87 (3.24) | 1445.0 | .299 |
| Gender (male) (%) | 19 (52.8%) | 49 (53.8%) | 0.012 | .913 |
| Smoking | 0.238 | .626 | ||
| Nonsmoker (%) | 26 (72.2%) | 61 (67.8%) | ||
| Smoker & ex-smoker (%) | 10 (27.8%) | 29 (32.2%) | ||
| Substance use disorder (SUD) history | 0.830 | .362 | ||
| No SUD (%) | 33 (91.7%) | 78 (85.7%) | ||
| Had SUD (%) | 3 (8.3%) | 13 (14.3%) | ||
| Log DUP (d) (SD) | 1.96 (0.61) | 1.82 (0.71) | 1487.0 | .419 |
| Diagnosisa | 0.038 | 1.000 | ||
| ATPD & Psychosis NOS (%) | 1 (2.8%) | 2 (2.2%) | ||
| Schizophrenia & schizoaffective disorder (%) | 35 (97.2%) | 89 (97.8%) | ||
| Premorbid Adjustment Scale | ||||
| PAS academic Child | 0.44 (0.2) | 0.41 (0.19) | 2.235 | .327 |
| PAS academic Early adolescent | 0.47 (0.2) | 0.44 (0.19) | 1.013 | .602 |
| PAS academic Late adolescent | 0.5 (0.17) | 0.43 (0.18) | 1.725 | .422 |
| PAS academic total | 0.47 (0.17) | 0.43 (0.15) | 0.829 | .661 |
| PAS social Child | 0.33 (0.24) | 0.27 (0.24) | 2.551 | .279 |
| PAS social Early adolescent | 0.36 (0.23) | 0.28 (0.22) | 4.147 | .126 |
| PAS social Late adolescent | 0.45 (0.26) | 0.3 (0.23) | 7.712 | .021 |
| PAS social Adult | 0.58 (0.27) | 0.54 (0.27) | 6.101 | .047 |
| PAS social total | 0.48 (0.23) | 0.39 (0.23) | 5.317 | .070 |
| PAS overall | 0.45 (0.16) | 0.38 (0.16) | 4.575 | .102 |
| Baseline and clinical variables | ||||
| M1 positive symptoms (SD) | 4.71 (0.86) | 4.52 (1.07) | 1450.5 | .407 |
| M1 negative symptoms (SD) | 2.83 (1.36) | 2.81 (1.22) | 1575.0 | .921 |
| EP1 duration (d), mean/media | 127.58/56.0 | 114.23/76.0 | 1417.5 | .238 |
| 24-month hospitalization (d) (SD) | 110.86 (104.77) | 125.22 (154.60) | 1564.0 | .952 |
| 24-month number of relapses (SD) | 1.00 (0.84) | 0.93 (0.97) | 1461.0 | .505 |
| 24-month DDD (SD) | 1.02 (0.67) | 0.88 (0.53) | 1482.0 | .404 |
| Service cohort | 2.860 | .091 | ||
| Early intervention (%) | 13 (36.1%) | 48 (52.7%) | ||
| Standard care (%) | 23 (63.9%) | 43 (57.3%) | ||
| Delay in clozapine prescription (mo) | 11.82 (17.10) | 7.23 (12.78) | 1191.0 | .016 |
Note: U, Mann-Whitney U; χ 2, Chi-square; SD, standard deviation; DUP, duration of untreated psychosis; ATPD, acute and transient psychotic disorder; Psychosis NOS, psychotic disorders not otherwise specified; PAS, Premorbid Adjustment Scale; M1, month 1; EP1, episode 1; DDD, defined daily dose.
The bold value are all significant P-values.
aFisher’s exact test.