Table 3.
Crude Mortality Rates and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Standardized Mortality Ratios of Patients With Schizophrenia by Age Group
| 18–34 Years | 35–49 Years | 50–64 Years | ≥65 Years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMRa | SMR (95% CI) | CMR | SMR (95% CI) | CMR | SMR (95% CI) | CMR | SMR (95% CI) | |
| All causes | 498.3 | 11.68 (10.37–13.11) | 518.6 | 4.48 (4.16–4.81) | 1244.6 | 3.10 (2.96–3.25) | 5221.4 | 1.97 (1.91–2.04) |
| Natural causes | 65.8 | 3.11 (2.22–4.24) | 217.2 | 2.32 (2.07–2.59) | 869.7 | 2.32 (2.20–2.46) | 4085.4 | 1.58 (1.52–1.64) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 7.1 | 1.66 (0.53–3.99) | 43.6 | 2.07 (1.60–2.64) | 172.0 | 2.31 (2.04–2.62) | 761.9 | 1.12 (1.02–1.22) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 0 | 0 | 19.7 | 2.16 (1.46–3.07) | 78.6 | 2.30 (1.90–2.76) | 348.0 | 1.26 (1.10–1.43) |
| Non-ischemic heart diseases | 5.3 | 3.42 (0.87–9.31) | 12.6 | 3.34 (2.04–5.17) | 43.5 | 3.71 (2.87–4.73) | 159.4 | 1.19 (0.98–1.44) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 1.8 | 1.48 (0.07–7.30) | 8.4 | 1.31 (0.71–2.23) | 44.9 | 1.98 (1.54–2.51) | 21.0 | 0.94 (0.79–1.10) |
| Neoplasms | 8.9 | 0.94 (0.34–2.08) | 64.7 | 1.23 (1.00–1.50) | 233.0 | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 688.3 | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) |
| Lung cancer | 0 | 0 | 9.1 | 0.95 (0.53–1.58) | 49.8 | 0.89 (0.70–1.12) | 164.0 | 0.70 (0.57–0.84) |
| Liver cancer | 3.6 | 2.86 (0.48–9.46) | 9.1 | 1.33 (0.74–2.22) | 31.6 | 1.06 (0.78–1.41) | 88.9 | 1.06 (0.81–1.36) |
| Colon cancer | 0 | 0 | 4.2 | 1.28 (0.52–2.67) | 16.8 | 1.01 (0.67–1.49) | 93.5 | 1.13 (0.87–1.44) |
| Breast cancer | 0 | 0 | 4.2 | 0.76 (0.31–1.57) | 21.1 | 1.29 (0.89–1.82) | 36.8 | 1.60 (1.05–2.34) |
| Respiratory diseases | 28.5 | 13.68 (8.10–21.74) | 47.8 | 9.35 (7.32–11.78) | 234.5 | 8.28 (7.43–9.20) | 1876.4 | 3.21 (3.03–3.39) |
| Non-aspiration pneumonia | 24.9 | 18.03 (10.27–29.54) | 39.4 | 11.76 (8.97–15.16) | 184.6 | 10.37 (9.17–11.68) | 1620.4 | 3.90 (3.67–4.14) |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 1.8 | 12.64 (0.63–62.34) | 1.4 | 7.05 (1.18–23.28) | 20.4 | 23.45 (16.00–33.24) | 81.2 | 4.64 (3.51–6.03) |
| COPD | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 2.76 (0.14–13.59) | 9.8 | 2.19 (1.25–3.59) | 52.1 | 0.49 (0.34–0.67) |
| Digestive diseases | 1.8 | 2.77 (0.14–13.66) | 14.1 | 3.81 (2.39–5.78) | 65.3 | 4.50 (3.66–5.49) | 147.2 | 1.52 (1.24–1.85) |
| Liver diseases | 0 | 0 | 6.3 | 2.84 (1.39–5.22) | 20.4 | 2.48 (1.69–3.51) | 29.1 | 1.06 (0.65–1.62) |
| Pancreaticobiliary diseases | 1.8 | 21.06 (1.05–103.85) | 1.4 | 4.65 (0.78–15.36) | 6.3 | 6.47 (3.16–11.88) | 27.6 | 1.50 (0.92–2.33) |
| Genitourinary diseases | 1.8 | 4.41 (0.22–21.77) | 9.1 | 4.72 (2.630–7.87) | 49.8 | 4.79 (3.77–6.00) | 236.1 | 1.58 (1.34–1.84) |
| Renal failure | 1.8 | 5.17 (0.26–25.51) | 7.7 | 5.00 (2.63–8.70) | 40.0 | 4.75 (3.63–6.11) | 147.2 | 1.35 (1.10–1.64) |
| Infectious and parasitic diseases | 1.8 | 1.86 (0.09–9.16) | 10.5 | 3.82 (2.22–6.16) | 36.5 | 4.23 (3.19–5.50) | 179.4 | 2.41 (2.00–2.87) |
| Unnatural causes | 307.9 | 16.65 (14.30–19.27) | 181.3 | 9.82 (8.67–11.07) | 139.0 | 6.43 (5.58–7.38) | 133.4 | 2.46 (1.98–3.02) |
Note: CI, confidence interval; CMR, crude mortality rate; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SMR, standardized mortality ratio (standardized for age, sex, and calendar year).
aCMRs are presented as the numbers of deaths per 100 000 person-years.