Fig. 1.

Path models for the associations among Sensory Discrimination, Gamma-band ASSR, Cognition, Negative Symptoms and Functional Outcomes constructs. In these models, we used negative symptoms as one latent variable because we intended to simply focus on the hierarchical organization from neurophysiological indices to functional outcomes via neurocognition and negative symptoms, but not on complex clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Thus, these models are different from our previous work¹⁹ as the addition of Gamma-band ASSR into the neurophysiologic model of Sensory Discrimination allows a clearer resolution of the spectrum of neurophysiologic impairments as their causal “up stream” effects on Cognition, Negative Symptoms, and Functional Outcomes. ASSR, auditory steady-state response (Colored figure is available online).