Table 1:
List of pain conditions that depress and treatments that restore wheel running
| Type of Pain |
Pain Model | Species | Sex | Acquisition Period Prior to Pain |
Wheel in home cage? |
Duration of assessment |
Analgesic | Restored Function? |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | CFA (1 paw) | Rat | M/F | 3 or 8 days | Yes | 23 h/day | - | - | (Kandasamy et al. 2016) |
| CFA (1 paw) | Rat | M/F | 8 days | Yes | 23 h/day | Morphine | Yes; at low doses | (Kandasamy et al. 2017b) | |
| CFA (1 paw) | Rat | M/F | 8 days | Yes | 23 h/day | Buprenorphine | No | (Kandasamy et al. 2017b) | |
| CFA (1 paw) | Mouse | M | - | Yes | 24 h/day | - | - | (Pitzer et al. 2016b) | |
| CFA (2 paw) | Mouse | M | 1 hour/day for 3 days | No | 1 hour | Naproxen | Yes | (Cobos et al. 2012) | |
| Celecoxib | Yes | ||||||||
| Ibuprofen | Yes | ||||||||
| Prednisolone | Yes | ||||||||
| Diclofenac | Yes | ||||||||
| Morphine | Yes; at low doses | ||||||||
| Caffeine | No | ||||||||
| CFA (2 paw) | Rat | M | 3 days | Yes (locked for 23 hours) | 1 hour | - | - | (Grace et al. 2014) | |
| CFA (2 paw) | Mouse | M | 2 h/day for 2 days (locked) | No | 2 hours | - | - | (Sheahan et al. 2017) | |
| CFA (1 knee) | Mouse | F | Yes, length unknown | No | 17 hours | Botulinum Toxin Type A | Yes; at low doses | (Krug et al. 2009) | |
| CFA (leg) | Mouse | M | 3 days | Yes | 24 h/day | Meloxicam | No | (Kolstad et al. 2012) | |
| Acetaminophen | Yes | ||||||||
| Buprenorphine | Yes | ||||||||
| CFA (1 paw) | Mouse (RGS4KO) | M/F | 2 days | Yes | 1 hour | - | - | (Avrampou et al. 2019) | |
| Carrageenan (1 knee) | Mouse | F | Yes, length unknown | No | 17 hours | Morphine | No | (Krug et al. 2009) | |
| Buprenorphine | Yes; at low doses | ||||||||
| Botulinum Toxin Type A | No | ||||||||
| Carrageenan (1 paw) | Rat | F | 4 days | Yes | 12 h | - | - | (Loram et al. 2007) | |
| Arthritis | MIA (1 knee) | Rat | M | 7 or 21 days | Yes | 24 h/day | - | - | (Stevenson et al. 2011) |
| Collagen-induced arthritis (tail) | Mouse | M | 0 days | Yes | 24 h/day | Tofacitinib | Yes | (Oto et al. 2019) | |
| Visceral | Acetic Acid | Mouse | M/F | 3 weeks | Yes | 30 min | Morphine | Yes | (Miller et al. 2011) |
| Pancreatitis | Mouse | - | 7 days | Yes | 24 h/day | - | - | (Cattaruzza et al. 2013) | |
| Colitis | Mouse | F | 14 days | Yes, mice were group-housed | 19 hours | - | - | (Weegh et al. 2020) | |
| Colitis | Mouse | F | 14 days | Yes | 20 hours | - | - | (Häger et al. 2018) | |
| Post-surgical | Laparotomy | Mouse | F | - | - | 5 minutes | Buprenorphine Intermittent | No | (Kendall et al. 2016) |
| Buprenorphine sustained | Yes | ||||||||
| Hepatectomy | Mouse | M | 3 days | Yes | 24 h/day | Buprenorphine | Yes | (Tubbs et al. 2011) | |
| Meloxicam | Yes | ||||||||
| Flunixin meglumine | Yes | ||||||||
| Ventral Laparotomy | Rat | M | 3 days | Yes | 24 h/day | Carprofen | Yes | (Zegre Cannon et al. 2011) | |
| Tramadol | Yes | ||||||||
| Carprofen + Tramadol | Yes | ||||||||
| Mammary Fat Pad Removal | Mouse | F | 1 day | - | 24 h/day | Buprenorphine | No | (Adamson et al. 2010) | |
| Carprofen | No | ||||||||
| Buprenorphine + Carprofen | No | ||||||||
| Splenectomy | Mouse | M | 7 days | Yes | 24 hours/day | Liposome-encapsulated oxymorphone | Yes | (Clark et al. 2004) | |
| Buprenorphine | No | ||||||||
| Neuropathy | Spared Nerve Injury | Mouse | M | 1 day | No | 24 h/day | - | - | (Pitzer et al. 2016a) |
| Chronic Constriction Injury | Rat | M | 1 h/day for 7 days | No | 1 hour | - | - | (Whitehead et al. 2017) | |
| Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation | Mouse | - | 14 days | Yes | 24 h/day | - | - | (Kami et al. 2018) | |
| Paclitaxel | Rat | M | 1 hour on day prior to recording | No | ~15 hours | - | - | (Griffiths et al. 2018) | |
| Chronic Constriction Injury | Rat | M | 7 days before surgery | Yes | 23 h/day | Morphine | No | (Green-Fulgham et al., 2020) | |
| Migraine | Dural AITC | Rat | F | 8 days | Yes | 23 h/day | THC | Yes; at low doses | (Kandasamy et al. 2018a; Kandasamy et al. 2018b) |
| Dural AITC | Rat | F | 8 days | Yes | 23 h/day | Morphine | Yes; at low doses | (Kandasamy et al. 2018b) | |
| Dural AITC | Rat | F | 8 days | Yes | 23 h/day | Sumatriptan | Yes | (Kandasamy et al. 2017a) | |
| Other | Breakthrough cancer pain | Mouse | M | 1 hour/day for 3 days | No | 20 minutes | Morphine | Yes | (Tang et al. 2016) |
| Tibia fracture | Mouse | M | - | Yes | 24 h/day | - | - | (Shi et al. 2018) | |
| Corneal abrasion | Rat | M | 8 days | Yes | 23/day | - | - | (Hegarty et al. 2018) | |
| Low back pain | Mouse | M | 0 days | Yes | 14 h/day | - | - | (La Porta and Tappe-Theodor 2020) |
AITC: allyl isothiocyanate
CFA: Complete Freund’s Adjuvant
MIA: monosodium iodoacetate
RGS4KO: Regulator of G protein signaling 4 knock-out
THC: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol